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Reconstruction & the New South

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Presentation on theme: "Reconstruction & the New South"— Presentation transcript:

1 Reconstruction & the New South

2 Lecture Outline Aftermath of War Black Freedom Reconstruction Policies
Corruption and the End of Reconstruction The New South

3 A Devastated South 600,000 dead 25% southern men Southern economy
Crops, roads, homes Strengthened Union Ended slavery “Fulfilled Declaration”

4 Thirteenth Amendment Lincoln reelected 1864
Lincoln did not support social equality 13th Amendment 1865 Abolished slavery Most northerners support black male suffrage

5 The Meaning of Freedom for Blacks
Independence from Whites Establish & Strengthen Institutions Family Church Education Politics Labor Land

6 The Meaning of Freedom for Southern Whites
Very Different than Southern Blacks Regional and Local Control White Supremacy Control Over Blacks Return to Antebellum Society

7 Labor & the “Soul of the South”
Slavery based on racialized labor force Free the people Racial hierarchy overturned? Who does labor? White southern identity = racial domination and labor exploitation

8 Freedmen’s Bureau Created 1865 Attempted to Aid Former Slaves
Federal assistance Hated by Southern Whites Too Much Need

9 Reconstruction Describes the process of re-unifying the North and South, rebuilding the Southern economy, and integrating blacks into Southern society Terms of Unification? Punishment for Southerners? Congress or President? System of Labor? Equality & Enforcement

10 Lincoln’s Assassination
April 14, 1865 John Wilkes Booth Ford Theater Washington, D.C.

11 Reconstruction Plans Andrew Johnson Pardons for elites
Easy readmission Renounce secession 13th Amendment Not black equality or voting rights

12 Persistent Racism Reaction to: Civil Rights Bill of 1866 Blacks Codes
Race Riots & KKK Johnson

13 Radical Reconstruction
Reconstruction Act of 1867 Sen. Charles Sumner Rep. Thaddeus Stevens Voting Rights Restrictions Constitutions & black rights Five military districts Freedmen’s Bureau Extended Approve 14th Amendment Citizenship & Due Process

14 Post-War Reunion

15 Black Reconstruction Political offices & public officials
600 stage legislators 16 in Congress

16 End of Reconstruction Election of 1876
Samuel Tilden (D) won popular vote Rutherford Hayes (R) lost Tilden lacked electoral votes Votes disputed Democrats allowed Hayes to win if Republicans withdrew from South and returned it to regional control “Compromise of 1877”

17 Significance Removal of federal troops
Southern whites control labor, race relations, local politics Economic integration Failure of federal commitment to black equality Westward expansion eclipsed Southern question

18 “The New South” A term used to reflect the belief that the end of the Civil War would bring economic prosperity, industrialization, and national integration to the South However, blacks and whites had different hopes, and faced different realities, during the years between

19 Industrialization Railroads Steel mills Agriculture Textiles
Low national impact, high regional impact Connections to global market

20 A Colony of the North External capital Low wages High debt
Extractive industries Dependency on the north “carpetbaggers”

21 A Southern Revolt Falling profits Debt Mechanization Political abuse
Collective organization and resistance to exploitation Class consciousness

22 Southern Resistance The Grange Southern Farmers Alliance
Populist Party Race Tom Watson

23 Race Relations Dominated life White Backlash Segregated facilities
“Race Rules” People’s Grocery Lynch Law Ida B. Wells

24 Lynchings

25 Georgia, 1935

26 Teaching White Supremacy

27 Segregation Public Facilities Railroads “Disfranchisement”
Plessy v. Ferguson, 1896 Jim Crow Laws, pg. 502 Poll taxes, secret ballot, literacy test, grandfather clauses

28 Basis for “Jim Crow” South
Minstrel shows Stereotype White Supremacy Scientific Racism Nostalgia for Civil War & Old South

29 Convict Lease System Labor and race Few Jails Arrests
Leased to corporations “Worse than slavery”

30 Reactions Exodusters Community W.E.B. DuBois Booker T. Washington
“Talented 10th” Full Equality Booker T. Washington “Self-help” Economics

31 Conclusions Theme of Expansion & Unification Southern Economy
Black liberty and White Racism The Civil War DID NOT end systematic racial violence, racial segregation, economic inequality, and political disfranchisement These conditions persisted after the Second World War

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