1. China and Buddhism
Unit 1 Section 5

2. China and India
CHINA
Mesopotamia
Egypt
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INDIA

3. Ancient China Shang China (1700 B.C. – 1100 B.C.)
Yangtze and Huang He (Yellow River)
Shang China (1700 B.C. – 1100 B.C.)
Shang was the first Chinese dynasty
Used oracle bones
Sometimes called dragon bones
Used to predict the future
Shang clip

4. Zhou China (1100 B.C. – 250 B.C.)
Established “Mandate of Heaven” (Authority granted by heaven) to validate their rule
clip

5. “Warring States Period” (many large states in China were fighting to control the whole empire) (475 B.C. – 221 B.C.)
Golden Age of Chinese Philosophy
Taoism- universal force
Based on teachings of Laozi
Called Tao Te Ching
Emphasizes harmony of individual with nature

6. Confucianism Founded by Kongfuzi (551-479 B.C.)
social harmony & good gov’t would return to China if people lived ethically
Analects
Stressed the importance of five relationships:
Ruler & subject
Parent & child
Filial piety: children respecting their parents
Husband & wife
Old & young
Friend & friend
Confucianism vs. Taoism

7. Legalism Developed from Hanfeizi
Humans are evil by nature and need a strict law
Used to support strict laws and harsh punishments

8. Qin (Chin)China (221 B.C. – 206 B.C.)
China was unified by Qin Shihuangdi
Name means “First Emperor
36 military districts (cells)
Legalist form of gov’t
destroyed the power of the nobles
burned thousands of books relating to philosophy & gov’t
forced-labor gangs
Each had a civil governor, a military commander, and an imperial inspector
Each was subdivided into counties
All nobility sent to live in the capital

9. Achievements of the Qin
Standardized the Chinese language
Set up a unified law code for China
We get the modern day name for China from the Qin
Famous for the Terra Cotta Army
Great Wall-It stretched 4,000 miles.
Standardized system of measurements and currency

10. Status of Peasants in Chinese culture
Social Classes in Chinese Society
Status of Peasants in Chinese culture
≈ 90% of all the people-lived in villages
Paid taxes of produce and livestock & had to work one month a year on public
works projects (roads, walls, etc.)
Could be drafted into the army
Patriarchal Family
Top – oldest male (father), followed by males in chronological order, then females
Role of the Father
Determined education, career & marriages for his children
Controlled finances
Structured, each member had specific duties

11. Buddhism Related to Hinduism Shares belief of:
Founded by Siddhartha Gautama
Called Buddha
Means “Enlightened One”
Related to Hinduism
Shares belief of:
Karma -(accumulation of good or bad deeds)
Dharma -(but in this case is the teachings of Buddha telling you how to act/live)
Reincarnation
(rebirth)
Differs: Rejection of caste system

12. More philosophy than religion, but can be considered both or either
Teachings:
Four Noble Truths:
The truth of suffering (dukkha)
The truth of the cause of suffering (samudaya)
The truth of the end of suffering (nirhodha)
The truth of the path that frees us from suffering (magga)
By following the Eightfold Path one could eliminate desires
Purpose: To reach nirvana (enlightenment)
1. All people suffer and know sadness and sorrow
2. People suffer because of their material desires
3. Suffering could end by elimination desires
More philosophy than religion, but can be considered both or either
The Middle Way is important
Away from extremes
Moderation

13. Diffusion of Buddhism
Ashoka was the first ruler to send out Buddhist missions to convert other nations, helping the religion spread

14. Diffusion of Buddhism

15. The Three Teachings