1. Immigration

2. Waves Of Immigration Old Immigrants (1st Wave): 1700's-1870's
Protestants from North and Western Europe
New Immigrants (2nd Wave): 1870's-1900's
South and Eastern Europe: Italy, Greece, Poland, Russia, Hungary
Unskilled, poor, Catholic, Jewish

3. Immigration Factors Push: Out of homeland
Religious persecution, Lack of opportunity, Famine, War
Pull: Into U.S.
Freedom, Jobs, Opportunity

4. Journey Travel (1-3 weeks) Arrival:
Steerage-lower deck: Crowed, dirty, disease infested, seasickness
Arrival:
Ellis Island in the New York Harbor:
Immigrants from Europe
Angel Island in San Francisco Bay:
Immigrants from Asia
Subjected to legal and medical inspections

5. Test for the Feeble Minded:
Find the 4 faces looking left

6. Challenges

7. Restrictions
Chinese Exclusion
Gentlemen's Agreement

8. Food for Thought…Discussion
Where did immigrants live when they came to the U.S.?
What problems did immigrants face in cities?
What are “culture enclaves?” Do they create more problems within the city?
What were some other problems that came about due to urbanization?

9. Emergence of City Planning
Originally: Organic growth: built with no plans
Example: Ancient Athens-everything was built around the Parthenon and agora
Lead to city planning

10. Social Classes form Upper Class Middle Class Lower class
Live in city center
Fancy clothes, attend theater, etc
Middle Class
Managers, teachers, doctors, sales clerks, bank tellers
Lower class
Working in factories
Live in tenements

11. Life in America Home: Urban/cities Housing: Tenements-
Cheep, multiple families in single family dwellings
Mass transit connects neighborhoods
Problems:
No running water
Lots of Crime
Poor sanitation (plumbing & garbage)
Frequent Fires
Chicago Fire 1871:
burned for 24 hours
300 people died
3 square miles destroyed

12. Immigrant Jobs
Steal Mills
Coal Mines
Textile Mills
Seamstress

13. Nativism
Nativism: Belief that native born white Americans are superior to new comers
Discrimination: N.I.N.A.
Chinese Exclusion Act 1882 (Decision)
Prohibits Chinese immigration in the U.S.
Except: students, teachers, merchants, tourist, and government officials
Limits the Civil Rights of Chinese immigrants in US
Gentlemen's Agreement 1907
San Fran, CA segregated schools-Japanese students
Japan's gov't limited emigration to U.S.
In exchange U.S. repealed San Francisco's segregation order

14. Covered with gold on the outside but made of cheaper material inside
Gilded Age
Covered with gold on the outside but made of cheaper material inside
Amazing new inventions led to rapid industrial growth
Large city populations
Lots of jobs/workers
Wealthy People (appears to be gold)
Businesses
Mansions
Poor People (made of cheaper material)
Tenements
Low pay, poor working conditions
Scandals in government/politics

15. Americanization movement
Assimilate foreign cultures into domestic culture
Teach: English, History/government, Cooking, Etiquette
Results: Ethnic neighborhoods form-don't want to assimilate
Reform
Jane Addams established settlement houses in slum neighborhoods to provide services for the poor

16. Political Machines Controlled the activities of political party
Run by “party boss”
Offered services to voters/businesses in exchange for political/financial support
Appealed to immigrants needing help
Power to:
Appoint jobs/licenses, influence courts, build parks, schools
Attain citizenship, housing, jobs, other necessities
PATRONAGE: give government jobs to people who helped a candidate get elected
Lead to Fraud
fake names to stuff ballot box
GRAFT: illegal use of political influence for personal gain
accept bribes for illegal activities
Patronage
“I just get [housing] for them, buy clothes for them if their clothes were burned up, and fix them up till they get things runnin’ again. It’s philanthropy, but it’s politics too-mighty good politics. Who can tell how many votes one of these fires bring me? The poor are the most grateful people in the world, and, let me tell you, they have more friends in their neighborhoods than the rich have in theirs.”

17. Tammany Hall Political Machine
New York City’s Democratic political machine in 1868
Lead by Boss Tweed
convicted of 120 counts of fraud/extortion
Charged taxpayers $13 million to build courthouse-project only cost $3 million