1. The Dark Ages

2. Review
Peasants
King
Nobles/Clergy
Knights
Feudalism – a economic system in which land is given in exchange for a service
Land given as payment called a “fief”
THINK: Who is the only person powerful enough to be higher then the king?

3. The Pope and the Church
Religion was a very important part of feudal life
The church had the ability to cleanse people of their “sins” (bad deeds)
Clergy (church officials) were considered to be in the same social class as wealthy nobles
The Pope was seen as the only person more important then the King

4. The importance of the Catholic Church
The Catholic church was the only thing that could bring order and stability to the divided kingdoms

5. Trouble for Christian Europe
Holy Roman Empire
Byzantine Empire
Ottoman Empire

6. The Crusades – a series of “holy wars” that lasted hundreds of years
The Muslim Turks had taken control of Jerusalem (a holy place for Christians)
Pope Urban II calls upon all Christians in Europe to take back the holy land from the Muslims
Pope declares that all who join will be forgiven of their sins
Rulers and nobles from all different kingdoms come together to fight for a common cause
The Crusades

7. Effects of the Crusades
Although the Christians did regain temporary control of Jerusalem, The Turks proved to be too much for the European crusaders
However, there were other effects:
Effects of the Crusades
Spread of new ideas and technology
Increased trade:
And a new Middle Class of Merchants
Bad blood between Christians, Jews, and Muslims

8. Trade leads to Death
Luxury items weren’t the only things traveling with merchants from Asia to Europe
The Bubonic Plague
Also known as “Black Death”
Infected fleas traveled on rats inside trade ships
Overall, the Plague killed between million people

9. The Hundred Years war

10. Kingdoms on the Rise After the Crusades: Kingdoms fighting less
Some kingdoms form alliances
Peasants are becoming merchants (middle class)
Feudal society (the manor system) is disappearing
New towns become centers for trade and learning

11. France and England
The two kingdoms that rise above the rest are France and England
English and French Kings had led armies successfully into the holy land
Became well respected by their people
Gained land and power by who they married
Most of the time Kings married royalty from other nations to secure alliances

12. Who controls the Throne?
King of France Died in 1285
King Edward III (England) was the grandson of King Philip IV (France)
Died in 1314
Married King of England
Has a son
Died in 1316
No kids
Died in 1322
No kids
Died in 1328
No kids

13. The Hundred years War
King Edward III (King of England) is Philip IV of Spain’s grandson… and the only male heir to the throne
King of England and France… French not happy
100 years of wars fought by French and English relatives
English was had overwhelmingly beat the French, French agreed to sign a treaty handing France over to the English

14. Joan of Arc
A teenage girl named Joan of Arc convinced the French to not give in
She led an army to kick the English out of French lands
Although English lost, both countries gained a strong since of nationalism (pride for your nation)

15. Review Definitions
Justinian’s code – book of laws in the Byzantine Empire
Hagia Sophia – Church in the Byzantine Empire, turned mosque
Constantinople – capital of the Byzantine Empire
Eastern Orthodox Christianity – Byzantine Christianity
Crusades – holy wars between Christians and Muslims
Lord – wealthy land owner
Vassal – serves the lord for land called a “fief”
Serfs – peasant farmers

16. Review Definitions Manor – small town, owned by lord, fenced in
Three field system – crop rotation system, soil stays fresh
Charlemagne – King of the Franks, then Carolingian Emperor, then Holy Roman Emperor
Charles Martel – Charlemagne's grandfather, beat Muslims at the Battle of Tours
Clovis – Took Paris from the Roman Empire
Black Death – disease that killed million people
Vikings – barbaric tribe located in Northern Europe

17. Review questions
1. Built schools, created a standard body of laws, built massive churches
2. The fall of Western Rome
3. All are laws
4. It was the capital, located on the border of Asia and Europe
5. Trade led to the Russians adopting Byzantine culture
6. Barbaric tribes in power, less trade, less education
7. The rise of the Manor system and Feudalism
8. Top – King, 2nd – Church (clergy), 3rd – Nobles, 4th – Knights, last – Peasants (serfs)

18. Review questions
9. Land for services (fief). Knights provided protections
10. Catholic Church
11. Take back the holy land (Jerusalem)
12. Increased trade, spread of culture, bad relations between Christians, Muslims, and Jews.
13.Trade Increased, spices, sugar, lemons, ect. Came to Europe
14. To be forgiven of their sins
15. Charles Martel fought the Muslims, stopped the spread of Muslims to Europe

19. Review answers 16. Barbarians took over towns, making towns unsafe
17. The plague killed million of people
18. New Roman Empire, located in central Europe, Charlemagne was the first Emperor
19. Saving Pope, being crowned Emperor, creating the largest empire since Roman Empire
20. Fleas on rats, rats travels in trade ships to Europe