1. Civilizations in the East: India & China
(3000 BC AD)

2. I. The emergence of civilization in India began around the Indus river (3000 BC)
A. In 1500 BC the Aryans invaded and conquered northern India and developed a written language, Sanskrit

3. Sanskrit Alphabet

4. B. Emergence of Hinduism (2000 BC)- polytheistic religion that believes in reincarnation (rebirth in another bodily form)
Hindu gods: Vishnu, Brahma, & Shiva

5. Social status in the next life determined by
karma- collection of good or evil deeds committed in the previous life

6. C. Caste System- Aryans organized Indian society into separate unequal groups
1. Brahmans- powerful Hindu priests, Kshatriyas- warriors & rulers,Vaisyas- farmers & merchants (businessmen), Sudras- servants & poor peasants

7. Think About It...
Think about the concept of karma in Hinduism, how might Indian people argue that the caste system was correct and justly deserved?

8. D. Emergence of Buddhism (500’s BC)- new
religion founded by Siddhartha Gautama

9. Gautama born wealthy, gave it all away to gain spiritual knowledge, became known as the Buddha (“the enlightened one”)
2.Buddhist believe a person’s ultimate goal is to reach nirvana- a state of spiritual perfection & oneness with the universe

10. Spread of Buddhism

11. Siddhartha Gautama (Buddha) quotes….
A wise man, recognizing that the world is but an illusion, does not act as if it is real, so he escapes the suffering.
An insincere and evil friend is more to be feared than a wild beast; a wild beast may wound your body, but an evil friend will wound your mind.
Holding on to anger is like grasping a hot coal with the intent of throwing it at someone else; you are the one who gets burned.

12. E. India briefly united under the Mauryan (321 BC- 183 BC) & Gupta (320 AD- 535 AD) Empires, but usually ruled by local leaders

13. Indians made advancements in medicine, literature, & math (developed modern number system & decimals)

14. II. China- civilization begins around the Huang He river valley (2500 BC)

15. A. Chinese government is a form of monarchy called a dynasty- rule by a series of kings from the same family

16. B. Shang Dynasty (1500 BC BC)- created first cities, writing system, calendar, practiced a polytheistic religion that involved ancestor worship

19. C. Zhou Dynasty (1027 BC- 256 BC)- conquered the Shang and claimed the “Mandate of Heaven”- right to rule with heaven’s (gods) favor
1. China developed a money economy, literature flourished
2. Zhou rulers promoted the li- a code of respectful behavior & manners

20. D. Qin (Chin) Dynasty (221 BC- 202 BC)- conquered and unified China through harsh rule

21. 1. Shi Huangdi created a powerful army and government, considered 1st emperor

23. 2. Qin rulers expanded China’s borders & began the Great Wall- a defensive barrier against northern barbarians

26. E. Han Dynasty (202 BC- 220 AD)- led successful rebellion against harsh Qin rule

27. 1. China became very prosperous, population increased, porcelain, compass, gunpowder, & paper invented

28. The Silk Road

29. 2. Han rule influenced by philosophy of Confucius- taught people to value education, honor tradition, live a moral life

30. Confucius Quotes…
“Before you embark on a journey of revenge, dig two graves.
Study the past if you wish to understand the present and define the future.
What the superior man seeks is in himself; what the small man seeks is in others.
A wise person does not kiss a fool, and is not fooled by a kiss.”

31. Chinese Confucian Temple

32. F. Han power collapsed after massive rebellion, led to period of disunion (220 AD- 589 AD)
Chinese Soldier
Mulan
Buddha Statue

33. G. New Dynasties emerge after 600 AD (Sui, Tang, Sung), but China is conquered in the 1200’s by the Mongols
Mongol Soldiers