1. Do Now & Announcements
Turn in HW to be checked if you did not do so last class period
Please also check if you forgot to turn in your Properties of Water Lab!
Today: Macromolecules
Unit 2 Test WED 10/21, THURS 10/22

2. Organic Macromolecules
There are 4 major classes of organic polymers
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic Acids

3. Carbohydrates Elemental Composition Building Blocks
Made up of Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio
Building Blocks
Smallest units of carbohydrates known as monosaccharides

4. Monosaccharides
The simplest Sugars are called Monosaccharides (monomers of carbs)
Glucose
Fructose
Function: energy source for living organisms

5. Disaccharides Two Monosaccharides form a disaccharide
Sucrose (table sugar),
Lactose (Milk sugar)
Maltose (Malt Sugar)
Function: energy source for living organisms

6. Polysaccharides Energy storage Structure 3 or more monosaccharides
2 Main functions in living things
Energy storage
Starch-Energy Storage in Plants
Glycogen-Energy Storage in Animals
Structure
Cellulose- Cell wall of plants
Chitin - Fungus cell wall or exoskeleton in insects

7. Lipids Elemental Composition Monomers Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen
No definite ratio
Monomers
Glycerol, 3 Fatty Acids (for fats)

8. Fats Saturated fats: usually derived from animal material
E.g. butter, lard
Unsaturated fats: usually derived from plants
E.g. Corn oil, Peanut oil

9. Fats Fats have three main functions:
Long term energy storage (stored in adipose tissue)
A layer of cushioning that protects muscles, bones, and organs
A layer of insulation, which helps to maintain a constant temperature

10. Other Lipids Phospholipids Steroids Waxes:
Main components of the cell membrane
Steroids
Hormones-Chemical Messengers
Waxes:
Water Proofing
Lubrication

11. Proteins Elemental Composition Monomer/Building Blocks
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen,
Sometimes Sulfur
Monomer/Building Blocks
Amino Acids

12. Proteins involved in Support/Structure
Proteins are the structural and regulatory units of life
Structural (some examples)
Actin and Myosin (muscle)
Collagen (Skin Tendons),
Keratin (hair/skin/nails)

13. Proteins involved in Regulation
Regulatory (some examples)
Insulin: regulates blood sugar
Hemoglobin: transports oxygen in blood
Enzymes: regulate reaction speeds

14. Nucleic Acids Elemental Composition Building Blocks
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and phosphorus
Building Blocks
Nucleotides

15. DNA: Deoxyribonucleic Acid
The primary role of DNA is to hold the hereditary (genetic) material of the cell.

16. RNA: Ribonucleic Acid
copy and translate the DNA code in order to make proteins.

17. All of these macromolecules
Are made by linking monomers together through DEHYDRATION SYNTHESIS

18. All of these macromolecules
Can be broken apart by HYDROLYSIS

19. Nutrition Label and Macromolecules
Finish for HW (sheet is double sided)