6. CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

7. Circulatory System Structures
Heart
Blood Vessels
Arteries
Veins
Capillaries
Blood

8. Circulatory System Function
The overall function of the circulatory system is to transport materials throughout the body toward and away from particular target organs and tissues.

9. Two Pathways Pulmonary Circulation Systemic Circulation
Carries blood to lungs and back to the heart
Systemic Circulation
Carries blood to body and back to the heart

10. Capillaries of head and arms
Capillaries of abdominal organs and legs
Inferior vena cava
Pulmonary vein
Capillaries of right lung
Superior vena cava
Aorta
Pulmonary artery
Capillaries of left lung

11. Your Blood Vessels: Pathway of Circulation
3 types of vessels
Arteries
Capillaries
Veins

12. Artery vs. Vein

13. Arteries: carries blood Away from heart
Large
Thick-walled, Muscular
Elastic
Oxygenated blood
Exception Pulmonary Artery
Carried under great pressure
Steady pulsating
Arterioles: smaller vessels, enter tissue

15. Capillaries Smallest vessel Microscopic Walls one cell thick
Nutrients and gases diffuse here

16. Veins: Carries blood to heart
Carries blood that contains waste and CO2
Exception pulmonary vein
Blood not under much pressure
Valves to prevent much gravity pull
Venules: larger than capillaries

17. Varicose Veins Damaged Valves in Veins

19. Your Heart: The Vital Pump
At REST, the heart pumps about 5 QUARTS of blood a minute.
During EXTREME EXERTION (exercise) it can pump 40 quarts a minute.

20. Heart: Structure and Function
Keeps blood moving
Large organ composed of Cardiac muscle

21. Structure of Heart Four chambers Two upper (Atria) Right Atria
Left Atria
Two lower (Ventricles)
Right Ventricle
Left Ventricle

23. Bloods Path Through the Heart
Both Atria fill at same time
Rt atrium receives oxygen POOR blood from body via the vena cavas
Left atrium receives oxygen RICH blood from lungs through four pulmonary veins
After filled with blood atria contract, pushing blood into ventricle

24. Both ventricles contract
Right ventricle contracts and pushes oxygen-poor blood toward lungs,
against gravity,
through pulmonary arteries

25. Bloods Path Through the Heart (cont)
Left ventricle contracts and forces oxygen rich blood
out of heart through
aorta (largest vessel)

27. The Blood Body contains 4-6 L Consists of Water Red Blood Cells Plasma
White blood cells and platelets

28. Erythrocytes (RBC) Transporters of
Oxygen
Carbon Dioxide
RBC are produced in red bone marrow of
ribs,
humerus,
femur,
sternum, and other long bones

29. Leukocytes (WBC) WBC fight infection Less abundant Large cells
Attack foreign substances
Less abundant
Large cells

30. Platelets PLATELETS are for CLOTTING blood Cell fragments
Produced in bone marrow
Fibrin (sticky network of protein fibers)
Form a web trapping blood cells

31. Blood Clotting Section 37-2 Break in Capillary Wall
Blood vessels injured.
Clumping of Platelets
Platelets clump at the site and release thromboplastin. Thromboplastin converts prothrombin into thrombin..
Clot Forms
Thrombin converts fibrinogen into fibrin, which causes a clot. The clot prevents further loss of blood..

32. Blood Types Massive loss of blood requires a transfusion Four TypesAB O
Inherited from your parents

33. Blood Types

34. What happens when you mix blood types?
Plasma contains proteins that correspond to the shape of the different antigens
If you mix one type with the wrong one, you get CLUMPING
Type O is the universal donor
Type AB is the universal acceptor

35. What Makes Our Blood Type?

36. Blood Transfusions Blood Type of Donor Blood Type of Recipient
A B AB O A B AB O
Unsuccessful transfusion
Successful transfusion

37. Rh Factor Rhesus factor (Rh), also inherited
Rh+ (have antigen)
Rh- (NO antigen)
Can cause complications in pregnancies
mother Rh- 1st baby Rh+ : blood mixes with mother; mother’s body makes anti-Rh+ antibodies
2nd Rh + body attacks baby
Now have medicine to prevent antibody formation

38. Getting to the Heart of the Matter

39. ENGAGE 1. Walt Disney’s 1957 “Hemo the Magnificent”
2. Play song from St. Joseph’s Aspirin Commercial (originally in Happy Days episode) at:

40. Lyrics Pump, pump, pumps your Blood.
The right atrium’s where the process begins, where the CO2 Blood enters the heart.
Through the tricuspid valve, to the right ventricle, the pulmonary artery, and lungs.
Once inside the lungs, it dumps its carbon dioxide and picks up its oxygen supply.
Then it’s back to the heart through the pulmonary vein, through the atrium and left ventricle.
Pump, pump, pumps your Blood. 

41. Circulatory System Simulation
EXPLORE
Circulatory System Simulation

42. Capillaries of head and arms
Capillaries of abdominal organs and legs
Inferior vena cava
Pulmonary vein
Capillaries of right lung
Superior vena cava
Aorta
Pulmonary artery
Capillaries of left lung

43. Circulation Coloring Activity
EXPLAIN
Circulation Coloring Activity
1. Color the path of oxygenated blood red.
2. Color the path of deoxygenated blood blue
3. Label the following structures on the above diagram:
Aorta Left Atria Right Atria Left Ventricle Right Ventricle Lungs Vena Cava Tissues of the Body Capillaries
4. Use arrows to indicate blood flow direction.

44. Circulation Relay What is Blood Made of?
ELABORATE
Circulation Relay
What is Blood Made of?

46. What is Blood Made of?
CANDY RED HOTS 44%: Red Blood Cells (RBCs) - carry oxygen and carbon dioxide around body, RBCs only live for about 3 months but are continuously produced in the bone marrow. CORN SYRUP 55%: Plasma/Water - syrupy, thick, clear, yellowish liquid that carries dissolved food and wastes in water. WHITE JELLY BEANS 1/2%: White Blood Cells (WBCs) - bigger than RBCs, oddly-shaped cells that 'eat' bits of old blood cells and attack germs. CANDY SPRINKLES 1/2%: Platelets - bits of cells and cytoplasm that help your blood clot.

47. EVALUATE
Given a drawing the student will label and describe the functions of the four major parts of the circulatory system: Heart, arteries, veins and capillaries.
After participating the circulatory relay simulation, the learner will travel the correct circulation pathway beginning at the left ventricle and ending at the left atrium.
After participating in the blood activity, the learner will list the following four components of the blood: RBC, WBC, Plasma and Platelets and describe the function of blood.