1. The Civil War Begins

2. Section 1: War Erupts To describe how fighting began at Fort Sumter
To analyze the strengths and weaknesses of each side
To explain each side’s basic strategy
To summarize the results of the First Battle of Bull Run

3. First Shots at Fort Sumter
Union = States Loyal to the United States
Fort Sumter remained under federal control
Lincoln had to make a decision
If he resupplied the fort…
If he order the troops out…
Confederacy = States that seceded to form a new government in 1861
Confederates would attack Fort Sumter before the Union could resupply it
Shelled the fort for 34 hours and started the Civil War on April 12Th

4. Lincoln Calls Out the Militia
President Lincoln calls for a militia of 75,000
The North responds quickly and with enthusiasm
The upper South not so much
Virginia, North Carolina, Tennessee, and Arkansas join the Confederacy
Particularly Virginia was a major loss for the north
Large population
Wealthy
Robert E. Lee
Why were the border states important?

5. Choosing Sides
Both North and South knew that the border states (Delaware, Maryland, Kentucky, & Missouri) would play a key role in the war
Their location and resources were needed
Pro-Union forces kept the states officially a part of the United States
West Virginia would be formed at this time
What were the strengths of each side?

6. Strengths and Weaknesses
The Union – Abraham Lincoln
22 Million People
About 85% of the Nations Production
2 times the railroad mileage
Nearly all of the Navy
The Confederates – Robert E. Lee
9 Million People (3.5 million were slaves)
More experienced officers
Defensive war
What were southerners hoping for if they withheld cotton from the market?

7. Confederate Strategy At first it would be a defensive war
“All we ask is to be let alone.” Davis
Depended on King Cotton
The South grew most of Europe's cotton
Cotton was withheld in the hopes that it would force Europe nations into helping them fight…
Europe had a surplus of cotton, and didn’t want to be involved
Switch to demoralizing the North

8. The Union Strategy
General Winfield Scott created the Anaconda Plan

9. Battle of Bull Run
The Anaconda Plan would take time, many pushed for an immediate attack on the south
In order to get to Richmond Virginia, Union troops had to defeat Confederates at Manassas.
July 21, 1861 troops clashed near a creek call Bull Run
General Thomas J. Jackson and reinforcements won the day
Lincoln would now call for a real army of 500,000

10. Section 2: Life in the Army
To explain who joined the armies
To describe military training and supplies of the era
To summarize the hardships of army life
To identify changes in military technology

11. Those who fought Union had just over 2 million soldiers
Most were between 18 and 30 years old
Union had just over 2 million soldiers
Farmers, Immigrants, Native Americans, and later African-Americans
Confederates had just under 1 million soldiers
Mostly poor farmers, Native Americans
Both sides attracted soldiers for all sorts of reasons ranging from boredom to a sense of duty

12. Turning Civilians into Soldiers
After enlisting, volunteers found a different world
A tent/log camp that would promote unity in platoons
Shared workload
Drills, drills, and more drills
North had plenty of uniforms, but not always the correct size
Southern states lack of unity left many a Confederate scrounging for goods

13. Hardships of Army Life Wet, muddy, cold, and filthy
Exposure, and poor hygiene would lead to more deaths than battle
The concept of germs was unknown
Army surgeons would use the same tools on multiple people.
Food and water was more often than not contaminated

14. Changes in Military Technology
Weaponry caused tactics to changes because of the massive amounts of death
Rifle – gun with a grooved barrel
Minie Ball – Bullet with a hollow base
Ironclads – warships covered in iron
Merrimack and Monitor had a four hour battle

15. Section 3: No End in Sight
To analyze the importance of the Union victories in the West
To explain how the fall of New Orleans helped the Union
To analyze Lee’s victories in the East and his decision to invade the North
To describe the outcome of the Battle of Antietam

16. Union Victories in the West
General Ulysses S. Grant led the Union troops in the West
Feb. 1862, Grant invades Tennessee. Using ironclads to fight down the river.
He would capture Fort Henry, and Fort Donelson

17. The Battle of Shiloh
After Grants victories, Confederates decide to pull back farther south.
While pursuing Grant stops at Pittsburg Landing
Gen. Albert S. Johnston attacks Grant while he waited for reinforcements
Everyone was involved in the fighting
Union lost 13,000 men
Rebels lost 11,000 out of 41,000

18. The Fall of New Orleans A major loss to the South
April 25, Union fleet led by David Farragut captured New Orleans
Farragut’s ships had to run a gauntlet of cannon fire and burning rafts
Farragut loses only one ship
The goal of cutting the south in half is nearly complete only Vicksburg remains

19. Lee Claims Victories in the East
General McClellan led an attack on Richmond in the spring of 1862
Robert E. Lee would be appointed general of the Army of Northern Virginia and would slowly out maneuver McClellan
South would suffer more losses but they forced the Union to retreat after the Seven Days’ Battle

20. Lee Invades the North, and Bloody Antietam
In the east Lee is winning one battle after another
General Lee decides to take the battle to the North
Driven by 3 major reasons
Force Peace Talks
Virginia Farmers
Plunder in the North
Lee’s plans were discovered by Union Troops
McClellan, armed with Lee’s battle plans, went on the attack
Battle of Antietam, bloodiest day in American history
25,000 men dead and no progress either way
Lee retreats…but so does McClellan?