1. Big picture of protein synthesis

2. Transcription

3. Translation

4. Just Like Construction…
DNA is the master plan
mRNA is the everyday blueprint
rRNA is the builder
tRNA is the gopher
Amino Acids are the wood
Proteins are the building

5. Translation of the Genetic Code -
Protein Synthesis

6. mRNA is transcribed in the nucleus.
This is a molecule of messenger RNA.
mRNA is transcribed in the nucleus.
codon
A U G G G C U U A A A G C A G U G C A C G U U
mRNA molecule

7. A ribosome attaches to the mRNA molecule.
A U G G G C U U A A A G C A G U G C A C G U U

8. Amino acid
U A C
tRNA molecule
A transfer RNA molecule arrives.
It brings a specific amino acid to the first three bases (codon) on the mRNA.
anticodon
The three unpaired bases (anticodon) on the tRNA link up with the codon.
A U G G G C U U A A A G C A G U G C A C G U U

9. U A C
C C G
Another tRNA molecule comes into place, bringing a second amino acid.
Its anticodon links up with the second codon on the mRNA.
A U G G G C U U A A A G C A G U G C A C G U U

10. U A C
C C G
Peptide bond
A peptide bond forms between the two amino acids.
A U G G G C U U A A A G C A G U G C A C G U U

11. U A C
C C G
The first tRNA molecule releases its amino acid and moves off into the cytoplasm.
A U G G G C U U A A A G C A G U G C A C G U U

12. C C G
The ribosome moves along the mRNA to the next codon.
A U G G G C U U A A A G C A G U G C A C G U U

13. C C G
A A U
Another tRNA molecule brings the next amino acid into place.
A U G G G C U U A A A G C A G U G C A C G U U

14. C C G
C C G
A peptide bond joins the second and third amino acids to form a polypeptide chain.
A U G G G C U U A A A G C A G U G C A C G U U

15. A C G
G U C
The process continues.
The polypeptide chain gets longer.
This continues until a termination (stop) codon is reached.
The polypeptide is then complete.
A U G G G C U U A A A G C A G U G C A C G U U

16. CODON TABLE

17. CGGACCGCTATC Lysine-Cysteine-Proline
1. What amino acids would be coded by the following DNA sequence?
CGGACCGCTATC
2. What would be the mRNA sequence for a polypeptide chain (protein) that had the following amino acids? DNA sequence?
Lysine-Cysteine-Proline