1. Chapter 16: People and Empires in The Americas
Katelyn hays
Nigel Pearson
Brandon Riddell
James Swanson

2. Diverse Societies of North America

3. Complex Societies Build and Trade
The pAcific Northwest consisted of Oregon all the way to alaska that was rich with resources
This are the people who brought the concept of a potlatch to the world
The earliest of farmers of the southwest was the Hohokam; they are influenced by their friends in the north called the Anasazi

4. Cultural Connections
The Iroquois alliance was an early example of the political between North American tribes
Each tribe traded with another and established connections with one another
They worship sacred spirits which brought rituals

5. Mayan Kings and Cities

6. Maya Create Urban Kingdoms
The homeland of Maya stretched from southern Mexico into northern Central America.
The Classic Period of Mayan civilization lasted from A.D. 250 to 900.
Although the Mayan empires were all independent they all were linked through alliances and trade.
The Mayan empire had a class system which the king sat at top and peasants were down at the bottom.

7. Religion Shapes Mayan Life
The Mayans believed there was many gods 13 layers of the sky and 9 layers for the underworld.
The gods could be good or evil, or sometimes even both.
The gods are associated with the four directions and with different colors.
The Maya believed that each day was a living god whose behavior could be predicted with the help of an intricate system of calendars.

8. Religious Practice
They prayed by making food offerings, flowers, and incense.
They also pierced their bodies with sharp needles and offered their blood.
Sometimes the Mayans even carried out a human sacrifice.
The Mayans believed that a human sacrifice pleased their gods and kept the world at peace.

9. The Aztecs Control Central Mexico
~Many high cultures were evolving in central mexico.
~The most important developments took place in and around the valley of mexico.
~ Many modern cities were located in this valley and they eventually became the site of the greatest empire of mesoamerica, the Aztecs.
~The Aztecs were preceded by two other important civilizations.

10. The Valley of Mexico
~Teotihuacan was the first major civilization in central mexico.
~At its peak in the sixth century it had about 125,000 people living there.
~In the middle of the city was a 200 foot tall pyramid called the Pyramid of the sun.
~The most valuable trade they had was obsidian which was a hard glassy green/black rock that is used to make weapons.
~Around 900 toltecs took over the heart of
Mexico from their capital at Tula.

11. Aztecs Build an Empire
~Aztecs arrived in the valley of mexico around A.D
~in 1428 they joined Texcoco and Tlacopan to for a triple alliance.
~By the early 1500’s they they controlled a vast Mesoamerican empire.
~The Aztecs controlled a very successful trade network that was bigger than any in Spain.

12. Religion, the Center of Aztec Life
~In Tenochtitlan there was hundreds of temples and religious structures dedicated to gods.
~Most of their gods were adopted from other Mesoamerican beliefs and religions.
~The most important god to the Aztecs was the sun god Huitzilopochtli, He was believed to raise the sun every morning but only when he was nourished human blood.
~Many prisoners were led to the altar atop the great temple to be sacrificed for Huitzilopochtli.

13. The Inca Create a Mountain Empire

14. The inca Come to Power
Similar to the Aztecs they built an empire on central foundations.
They ruled over an entire Andean region.
They were followed by the Huari and Tiahuanaco cultures of southern Peru and Bolivia.

15. Inca Government Create Unity
The word Inca was originally the name of the ruling family of a group of people living in a high Plateau of the Andes.
In the 1200s the Inca had established their own small kingdom and developed traditions and beliefs.
The Inca had mummies that were powerful leaders which the decedent's retained right to their wealth and properties which made them successful leaders to conquer other states.

16. Religion Supports the State
They used shrines to honor fallen Inca chiefs.
The shrines were used to sacrifice and exchange goods to show part of their religious activities.
Incan priest used assistance by young woman called mamakuna to teach spinners and weavers for their religious activities.

17. Discord in the Empire
The 1500s the Incan empire height of glory, king Huayna Capac toured the empire in a royal litters full of gold.
The king open a gift box out flew butterflies and moths, considered an evil omen, then about 1525 Huayna Capac died by disease.
After the king's death the city began a civil war with itself and the Spaniards took over.

18. Exam (26 of 30)
26. What tribe was considered the example of the political of North American tribes.
Inca
Mayan
Iroquois
Aztecs

19. Exam (27 of 30)
27. Did the Mayan Empire link on other Empires for alliances and trade.
They were dependent
They were independent
They lived near no one
Who said they needed help

20. Exam (28 of 30)
28. What was the first major civilization in central Mexico?
A:Tula
B:Teotihuacan
C:Texcoco
D:Tlacopan

21. Exam (29 of 30)
29. Who did the Mamakuna teach to others for religious activities.
Spinners
Weavers
People who use fidget spinners
A and B

22. Exam (30 of 30) 30. How did the Inca empire fall. No ruler
Were conquered
Illness spread
All of the above