1. Articulations AKA Joints

2. Where two bones meet. (Joint)
Articulations
Where two bones meet. (Joint)

4. Review
Ligaments:
Connect bone to bone
Tendons
Connect muscle to bone

5. Joint with NO movement. (sutures in cranium)
Types of Joints
Fibrous:
Joint with NO movement. (sutures in cranium)

6. Cartilaginous: Slightly moveable joints. (vertebrate)
Types of Joints
Cartilaginous: Slightly moveable joints. (vertebrate)

7. Types of Joints
3. Synovial: Freely moveable (synovial joint) includes a capsule (bursa) that releases synovial fluid for lubrication.

9. Arthroscopic Surgery

11. 2. Ball and Socket: ‘most moveable’ shoulder, hip.
TYPES
1. Hinge: Knee and elbow
2. Ball and Socket: ‘most moveable’ shoulder, hip.
3. Pivot: head, radius, ulna
4. Gliding: Carpals

12. Actions:
Look in your text books starting on page 157 and write a brief explanation of the following actions:
Flexion, Extension, Rotation, Abduction, Adduction.

13. Hormones:
PTH
Sex Hormones
Calcitonin
Human Growth Hormone

14. PTH Released by: Parathyroid Response:
Bones release calcium into the blood stream.

15. Calcitonin
Released by:
Thyroid
Response:
Inhibits osteoclast activity

16. HGH Released by: Pituitary Gland Response:
Increases Calcium retention in bones and mineralization

17. Sex Hormones Estrogen and Testosterone: Secreted by: Response:
Testes, Ovaries
Response:
Increase bone density and maturation.