1. Joints of the Body

2. Connective Tissue Is classed as soft tissue Is flexible (to a degree) CARTILAGE Is only slightly elastic Coats the ends of bones in Synovial Joints The end of your nose and the tips of your ears are both made of Cartilage

3. Ligaments Cross over joints, joining bone to bone. Slightly elastic Main function is to provide stability at the joint Tendons Are NOT elastic, but are very strong. Anchor muscle to bone

4. Types of Joints The main types of joints are: 1.Fibrous- immovable/fused (skull, pelvis) 2.Cartilaginous- semi-moveable (pubic bones, ribs to sternum) 3.Synovial- freely moveable (shoulder, knee, ankle) knee, ankle)

5. Cartilaginous Joint

6. Synovial Joints These are the interesting ones! The features of Synovial Joints include: Hyaline Cartilage- lines the bones, protects & reduces friction Joint Capsule- surrounds the joint, adds stability & seals the joint Synovial Membrane- lines the joint capsule & secretes Synovial Fluid

7. Synovial Joints Synovial Fluid- lubricates the joint Ligaments- holds bones together & controls movement

8. A Typical Synovial Joint

9. Types of Synovial Joints 1.Ball & Socket: Shoulder & Hip 2.Pivot: Neck (Atlas & Axis vertebrae) 3.Saddle: Base of the Thumb 4.Hinge: Knee & Elbow 5.Gliding: Ankle 6.Condyloid: Wrist

10. Types of Synovial Joints Hinge JointSaddle Joint Ball in Socket Gliding Joint Pivot Joint Ovoid Joint (Condyloid)

11. Ball and socket Joint Able to move in all direction. Also known as a multi-axial joint. ie: Shoulder Joint

12. Pivot joint Has only one axis and allows rotational movement only. ie: Neck

13. Hinge Joint Has only one axis and allows flexion and extension only. ie: Elbow Joint

15. Gliding joint Exists where bones with flat surfaces meet. It allows sideways, foreword and backward movement.

16. Saddle joint Is a bi-axial joint. Moves sideways and back and forth.

17. Ellipsoid or Condyloid Joint Often classified as a hinge joint. Allows a small amount of rotation. ie: Knee Joint