1. Joints and Movements of the Body

2. Objectives Demonstrate knowledge of the joints of body.
Demonstrate knowledge of the movements of the body.
Apply knowledge to analyze various types of strength- training exercises.

3. Types of Joints
Joints occur where 2 or more bones meet. Also called articulation. They are held together by ligaments.
Joints are essential for movement.
There are three main types of joints:
Fibrous – immovable (skull)
Cartilaginous – slightly movable (vertebrae)
Synovial – freely movable (shoulder, elbow, knee, etc.)

4. Synovial Joints
Freely movable joints that permit movement in one or more directions
5 common types of synovial joints:
Ball and Socket joints
Hinge joints
Pivot joints
Saddle joints
Gliding joints

5. Ball and socket joints permit movement in many directions.

6. Hinge joints permit back and forth motion.

7. Pivot joints allow one bone to rotate around another.

8. Saddle joints permit a wide range of movement

9. Gliding joints slide past each other.

10. Structure of Joints – Bursae and Synovial Fluids
In synovial joints, there are small capsules of synovial fluids called bursae.
A bursa acts as a shock absorber and reduces friction between bones of a joint.

11. Knee Joint

12. Joint Disorders
Excessive strain on a joint may produce inflammation, in which excess fluid causes swelling, pain, heat, and redness.
Inflammation of a bursa is called bursitis.
Inflammation of the joint itself is called arthritis.

13. Types of Movement Flexion – the angle of the joint is decreased.
Extension – the angle of the joint is increased.
Abduction – a body part is moved away from the middle of the body.
Adduction – a body part is moved towards the middle of the body.
Rotation – a body part is moved either outwards or inwards around its long axis.

14. Types of Movement
Supination – a rotation of the forearm which causes the palm of the hand to face upwards.
Pronation – a rotation of the forearm which causes the palm of the hand to face downwards.
Inversion – a rotation of the sole of the foot inwards.
Eversion – a rotation of the sole of the foot outwards.