1. WWI Begins

2. 3 Reasons for Military Build Up
Nationalism: deep feelings of pride in one’s country.
formation of modern Germany
Imperialism: led to more international incidents.
Africa for example
The Franco-Prussian War: fought in the 1870’s
Modern Prussian army needed territory to expand.
War scared France, proved Germany had gotten powerful

3. The Alliance System
Alliances in Europe formed strictly by geographic location.
one incident easily draws many countries into a war.
The Triple Entente: initially France, England and Russia
Eventually known as the Allies
The side America eventually joined.
Triple Alliance: Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy.
Became known as the Central powers.
Italy switched sides in 1915
Ottoman Empire (present day Turkey) replaced Italy.

4. Assassination
Archduke of Austria, Franz Ferdinand, assassinated by a Serbian Nationalist (Gavrilo Princip) while visiting Bosnia.
Bosnia protected by Russia, attack on Bosnia draws war
Von Schlieffen Plan – German plan to quickly end the war
capture Paris and knock France out first
invade France by going through Belgium.
Result = Plan failed, Germany blamed as the aggressors

5. WWI Battlefield
Open field tactics using modern weapons = horrifying casualties early.
Machine guns, long-range artillery, barbed wire, and rifles.
Trench Warfare – miserable, complex trench systems as defense from deadly enemy fire.
constantly sick, muddy, wet, lice, and trench foot
No-man’s land: the deadly ground between trenches, nowhere to hide
most attacks took place at night.

7. Good Trench
Bad Trench

8. Chemical Warfare Mustard Gas:
Named for its yellowish tint
blind and disorient enemies before any attack.
Hitler spent many months in a military hospital at the end of WWI because of mustard gas poisoning.

9. Summary
For nearly 4 years neither side moved more than 10 miles at a time.
Cost of WWI
65,000,000 – Soldiers Mobilized
8,020,000 – Soldiers Killed
21,229,000 – Soldiers Wounded
6,643,000 – Civilians Killed
$282,000,000,000 – Overall Cost of the War (282 Billion)

10. Summary Cont. France: Germany: 11,000,000 – Mobilized
1,357,000 – Killed
4,266,000 – Wounded
40,000 – Civilians Killed
Germany:
11,000,000 – Mobilized
1,808,546 – Killed
4,242,143 – Wounded
760,000 – Civilians Killed

11. Summary Cont. United States:
4,335,000 –Mobilized
50,000 – Killed
205,000 – Wounded
0 – Civilians killed
Russia lost most from the Allies - 1,700,000
Many killed by Russians during Bolshevik Revolution