1. Today’s Warm Up
On a scale from 1 to 5 (1 being the worst, 5 being the best), how well do you think President Johnson was doing with Reconstruction? Justify your response in your notes and be ready to share!
Take out your textbook comparisons completed for homework, but DON’T TURN IT IN YET 

2. Happy Thursday 
Take out your class notes and be ready to start when the bell rings!

3. Resistance to Reconstruction
Today’s LEQ: How did Reconstruction change the U.S.?

4. Resistance to Reconstruction
Southern states legislatures found ways to resist Reconstruction
Passed Black Codes- laws intended to restrict the freedom & opportunities of African Americans.

5. Black Code Sample The Black Codes
Here is an edited example of one of the Black Codes:
The Black Codes
Now that the slaves have become emancipated, it is necessary to pass regulations that preserve public order. These regulations must also preserve the comfort and correct behavior of the former slaves. Therefore, the following rules have been adopted with the approval of the United States military authorities who have commanded this area.
1) Every Negro is required to be in the regular service of some white person or former owner, who shall be held responsible for the conduct of that Negro.
2) No public meetings or congregations of Negroes shall be allowed after sunset. Such public meetings may be held during the day with the permission of the local captain in charge of the area.
3) No Negro shall be permitted to preach or otherwise speak out to congregations of colored people without special permission in writing from the government.
4) Negroes may legally marry, own property and sue and be sued in a court of law.
5) Negroes may not serve on juries.
6) A Negro may not testify against a white person in a Court of Law.
7) It shall be illegal for a Negro or a person of Negro descent to marry a white person.
8) No Negro shall be permitted outside in public after sundown without permission in writing from the government. A Negro conducting business for a white person may do so but only under the direct supervision of his employer.
9) No Negro shall sell, trade, or exchange merchandise within this area without the special written permission of his employer.
10) No Negro who is not in the military service shall be allowed to carry firearms or any kind or weapons of any type without the special written permission of his employers.

6. Radical Republicans Challenge Johnson’s Reconstruction
By the end of 1865, President Johnson thought Reconstruction was over – Radical Republicans felt Reconstruction had hardly begun
Many in the North disagreed with the black codes

7. Radical Republicans Challenge Johnson’s Reconstruction
Radical Republicans joined with more moderate lawmakers to enact two bills designed to help former slaves
Extended the Freedmen’s Bureau and gave it more power
Civil Rights Act of 1866
Took direct aim at the Black Codes
All Americans were entitled to “equal benefit of all laws… enjoyed by white citizens.”

8. Radical Republicans Challenge Johnson’s Reconstruction
Johnson vetoed both!
Congress overrode his decision and both laws were passed
Radical Reconstruction had begun
Remember the “I’m Just a Bill” video…

9. Your Choice: Take Five or Magnet Strategy
Read the section on page 137, “Congress Puts the South Under Military Rule”
Step 1: As you read, select five key words or phrases and add them to your “magnet.”
Step 2: Write a summary tying together the key words and phrases you selected. Be ready to share!

11. President Johnson Faces Impeachment
President Johnson is outraged at Congress and fires the Secretary of War to prove his point
Johnson is charged with violating the Tenure of Office Act and just escapes impeachment by one vote!

12. Living Under Radical Reconstruction
White Southerners were angry!
Shocked at return of federal troops
Thought Reconstruction was over
Black Southerners were elated!
Had been organizing to fight discrimination
“We simply ask that the same laws that govern white people shall govern black men.”

13. The South’s New Voters
Former confederates barred from voting under Reconstruction Act of 1867

14. Freedmen The South’s New Voters
Joined Republican party (Lincoln’s party = Emancipation party)

15. The South’s New Voters Scalawags “worthless scoundrels”
White Southerners who opposed secession
Joined Republican party
(Democratic party = party of secession)

16. The South’s New Voters Carpetbaggers
Northerners who were attracted to the South after the war
Viewed as fortune hunters
Video Clip: Carpetbaggers & Scalawags Explained

17. Election of 1868
New voters help Republican candidate, Ulysses S. Grant, win the election of 1868
Think: How would a Republican president and a majority Republican Congress impact Reconstruction?

18. Resistance to Reconstruction
Fourteenth Amendment made former slaves citizens; made Black Codes illegal (1868)
South resisted by implementing Jim Crow Laws: legally enforced segregation
“separate but equal”?????

21. Resistance to Reconstruction
Fifteenth Amendment gave African Americans the right to vote (1870); Southern states resisted with:
Poll Taxes
Literacy Tests
Grandfather Clause protected poor white Southerners
Activity: 1965 Alabama Literacy Test

22. Rebuilding the South Every state readmitted into the Union by 1870 
Wrote new constitutions and formed new governments
Majority of those elected into office were Republican – 1/5 were African American 
Established the South’s first public school system 

23. Slow Economic Recovery
Corrupt government officials used money intended to rebuild Southern infrastructure for personal gain 
Most of the South still dependent on agriculture
Many Southern farmers lost all they had to war costs 

24. Slow Economic Recovery
Once-wealthy plantation owners had land but no money to hire workers
Tenant Farming - planters divided land into small plots they rented to workers who would grow crops
In some cases, tenant farmers would pay a share of their crop as rent instead of cash – this was called Sharecropping

25. Reconstruction Ends
Rutherford B. Hayes (Republican) won disputed presidential election in 1876 (too close to call)
Compromise of 1877: Hayes won but agreed to remove last remaining federal troops in the South  Reconstruction officially over!

26. Evaluating Reconstruction (pages 139-143)
Brainstorm: As you read through , list as many successes and failures as you can. Create a t-chart in your notes.
Decide: Was Reconstruction a success, failure, or somewhere in-between?
Justify: S.O.S. Response
State your position
Offer reasons
Support with evidence and examples

27. Putting it all together…
Sentence 1: Position statement
Sentence 2: Reason #1
Sentence 3: Evidence/examples for reason #1
Sentence 4: Reason #2
Sentence 5: Evidence/examples for reason #2
Sentence 6: Reason #3
Sentence 7: Evidence/examples for reason #3