1. Chapter 16 Section 1 Notes What is happening in other major countries between WWI and WWII

2. Russia after WWI
Civil War got Russia out of WWI early (1917) and lasted 4 yrs.
Communist government was eventually established (led by Lenin)
Soviet Union was formed (Russia is the biggest part)
Only one political party legally allowed
Govt. may control all private property and the direction of the economy
Ideally… all people supposed to be equal.
Reality…. Two Classes – 1. Gov Everyone else

3. Stalin Takes Over (1924) Nickname = Man of Steel
People expected to be Very Nationalistic (show extreme pride in country)
Establishes Totalitarian government after Lenin’s death
Govt. actively seeks to control all aspects of people’s everyday lives
No private property or individual rights
Shifts econ. production from agriculture to industry
+’s = Becomes 2nd largest industrial power by 1937
-’s = About 10 Million Russian people died
Hard work
Famine (not enough food)
Resistance
Labor camp workers in Siberia (left). Stalin sent millions of political prisoners to labor camps

4. The Soviet Union was the largest country in
the world… by far.
In totalitarian states citizens are expected to treat the dictator with adoration

5. Italy after WWI
high unemployment, inflation, and country destroyed (common)
Wanted strong leadership to fix this
Mussolini (Il Duce) rises to power in 1922
Very good public speaker
Had a lot of followers (Black Shirts)
Convinced the king of Italy to allow him to take over govt.

6. Italy becomes Fascist Stressed Nationalism Stressed Militarism
Stressed Totalitarianism
No opposition allowed
People’s lives controlled
Some private prop. allowed
Class differences allowed
Govt. run by small group of people
Took control of all media
Used propaganda to gain support
Did Conditions Get Better?
Unemployment drastically reduced
Inflation Stops
Country Rebuilt
BUT…. Freedoms greatly reduced too!
Most people don’t mind at 1st
Want basics to survive
Eventually people not happy

7. Hitler Rises To Power Unemployed former WWI soldier
Joins the struggling Nazi Party
One of many vying for power
Almost the same as Fascism
Nationalistic, Totalitarian
Good public speaker
Eventually became a leader
Called himself “Der Fuhrer”
The Leader
Promised to make Germany
great again
Criticized Versailles treaty as
being unfair and humiliating

8. Hitler goes to Jail (1923) Mein Kampf (My Struggle)
Led a Nazi rally that got out of hand
One person was killed
Sentenced to 5 years (served 9 months)
While there… wrote a book
Mein Kampf (My Struggle)
Partially about his life
Outlined 3 major beliefs
Unite all German speaking people
The Third Reich
3rd German Empire
Supposed to last 1000 yrs
Lebensraum
Expansion of territory
Racial Purification
Blond hair, blue eyed Aryans rule
Others would serve them
No plans for extermination outlined

9. Hitler builds a following
Over the next 8 years, Hitler and Nazis grow in popularity. Why?
His speaking ability
His message
The book
Unemployed became followers
Known as Brown Shirts
(Storm Troopers)
Regular foot soldier
Nazis become largest political
party in Germany by mid 1932
Hitler gets appointed to Chancellor
(2nd in charge) in 1933.
President Hindenburg dies
Hitler wins in special election
Does away with Democracy
Establishes Totalitarian Gov
Kicks out all non-Nazis from Gov

10. Japan
Nationalistic military leaders wanted to expand territory in Pacific
Japan had superior technology compared to other Asian countries with more land
Attacked and gained control of Manchuria in 1931 (part of China)
Big area of land with a lot of ore
Waited for response from League of Nations
Created after WWI to prevent wars
This was their 1st real test
Criticized Japan, but took no action
Quit the League – Continued acquiring land
Emperor Hirohito
Japanese soldiers in Manchuria

12. Germany and Italy follow Japan’s Lead
Hitler builds up military
Not supposed to have one
Treaty of Versailles
sends troops into the Rhineland ( )
Near France and Belgium
previously demilitarized
Begins setting up fortifications
Mussolini takes over Ethiopia (1935)
Both quit the League of Nations
League does virtually nothing.
All Yellowish areas +
Rhineland are Germany

14. Spain Civil War Starts in 1936 Govt. in power was democratic
Very little support given by outside countries
Military revolution led by Francisco Franco
Unhappy with economic conditions
wants to establish fascist dictatorship
supported by Hitler and Mussolini with supplies and military equipment
they become close (Rome-Berlin Axis)
Franco wins. 500,000 killed

15. U.S. Response to all this = Neutrality
Before FDR
Criticism of U.S. getting involved in WWI
By Congressional hearings (Nye committee)
By the press (newspapers, magazines)
Washington Naval Conference (no new ships)
Kellogg Briand Pact (no more war)
During FDR’s Presidency
Good Neighbor Policy
Withdrew U.S. military from Central America
Reciprocal Trade Agreement Act
Lowered tariffs. (Wanted to trade with everyone)
Would help out Depression
Neutrality Acts
U.S. would not sell or loan military
equipment to countries at war

16. U.S. Neutrality is Tested
Japan renews attacks in China (1937)
FDR sent arms and supplies to China
He got around the Neutrality Acts
Japan didn’t declare war on China
FDR’s promise in a speech in Chicago
“take a stand against aggression”