1. Public Policy
Foreign and Domestic

2. Public Policy Domestic Policy Foreign Policy How Policy is made?
Actions designed to improve society within the United States
Foreign Policy
Actions designed to protect the Security of the United States or to promote our interests abroad
How Policy is made?
National Agenda
Enough people care about it
Formulation
Adoption
Implementation
Evaluation

3. Bureaucracy Impact on Policy
Rule Making
Agency proposes rules
Congress reviews for 60 days then rules go into effect
Iron Triangles
3 way alliance
Congressional Committee, Agency and Interest Group work together to create policy
Issue Network
Groups of individuals who support a specific policy

4. Presidential Tools to Conduct Foreign Policy
Diplomacy
Negotiations and Discussion
Diplomacy is carried unilaterally, bilaterally or multilaterally
Foreign Aid
Assisting others to improve relations and achieve goals
Provide loans to stimulate the economy
Donate, sell or trade military supplies to impact the balance of power
Military Force
The threat or use of military force to achieve policy goals

5. Foreign Policy Departments and Agencies
State Department
Secretary of State
Foreign Service-the right of legation is the ability to send and receive diplomats and ambassadors
Passports
Defense Department
1.4 million in the military and nearly 700,000 civilians employees
Ensures civilian control of the military
Joint Chiefs
Chairman, Army Chief, Chief of Naval Operations, Commandant of Marine Corps and Air Force Chief of Staff
C.I.A
Established by Congress in 1947
Coordinate information gathering for foreign affairs and national defense
Analyze and evaluate data
Brief President and National Security Advisor
Espionage
Homeland Security
Protect US against terrorism
Border and Transportation Security
Infrastructure Protection
Emergency Preparedness and Response
Information Analysis
WMD defense

6. Security Alliances NATO RIO PACT ANZUS PACT JAPANESE PACT
North Atlantic Treaty Organization
Collective defense of Europe
RIO PACT
Inter-American Treaty of Reciprocal Assistance-1947
U.S., Canada and Latin America
ANZUS PACT
Passed in 1951
U.S., New Zealand and Australia
Protection in the Pacific
JAPANESE PACT
In return for protection, U.S. maintains military base in Japan

7. United Nations Formed in 1945
Created “to save succeeding generations from the scourge of war”
UN Purpose
Maintain International Peace and security
Develop friendly relations
Promote cooperation and justice
“Peace loving” states that accept the obligations of the UN charter may join
New members are admitted by 2/3 vote in the General Assembly upon recommendation of the Security Council

8. General Assembly 1 vote per nation Meets once a year in September
Recommendations they make are not legally binding
Cannot take away sovereignty
Powers
Elect 10 non-permanent members to the Security Council
Elect 54 members to the Economic and Social Council
Elect members to the Trusteeship Council
In conjunction with the Security Council elect the Secretary General and the 15 judges to the International Court of Justice
Amend the UN charter

9. Security Council 15 members
US, Great Britain, France, China and Russia are permanent members
10 are chosen for 2 year terms
Meet in continuous session
Take up any matter dealing with a threat or breach of peace
Voting
Routine matters- 9 affirmative votes are needed
Substantive matters- 9 affirmative votes are needed, but 1 negative vote kills the resolution
Permanent members have veto power unless the abstain

10. UN Councils Economic and Social Council International Court of Justice
54 members
3 year terms
Carries out UN economic, cultural, educational, health and related activities
International Court of Justice
ICJ housed at Peace Palace in the Hague
15 judges
9 year terms
Secretariat
Civil Service Branch of UN
Headed by the Secretary General who serves a 5 year term

11. UN Specialized Agencies
World Health Organization
International Labor Organization
World Bank
International Fund for Agricultural Development
Food and Agricultural Organization
United Nations Industrial Development Organization
International Monetary Fund
International Maritime Organization
International Telecommunications Union
Universal Postal Union
World Intellectual Property Organization
World Meteorological Organization
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
International Civil Aviation Organization