1. Breast Cancer

2. Self-tests and Screening
Agenda
Risks &
Signs
Treatment
&
Prevention
Self-tests and Screening
Introduce yourselves and provide an overview of what you’re going to talk about today

3. Breast Cancer Overview
Breast cancer commonly originates in the cells of the ducts
Breast cancer is the second most common cancer for women in the U.S.
Anatomy of the breast
The breast is made of glands that produce milk, ducts that carry the milk to the nipple, fat, connective tissue, lymph nodes, and blood vessels
though it can also begin in the cells of the glands or other tissues
Rare in men – women have more breast tissue to begin with
Reference 2

4. Statistics from the U.S. 316,120 40,610 2,470 New Female Cases in 2017
New Male Cases in 2017
Deaths in 2017
Source: American Cancer Society
A woman living in the U.S. has a 12.4% lifetime risk for developing breast cancer
14% of all new cancer cases in the U.S. are breast cancer
The most common age range for breast cancer is: 55-64

5. Risk Factors Older age Family history BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes
Alcohol Use
Early Menarche
Oral Contraceptives
Obesity
Estrogen- early menstruation, late first child or no pregnancy, late menopause, does not breast feed

6. Breast Cancer Signs
First sign is often a lump or thickening of tissue in breast or underarm area
Change in breast size or shape
Pain or tenderness in breast
Inward-turned nipple
Fluid other than breast milk coming from nipple
Red or swollen skin of breast, areola, or nipple
Dimples in the breast
Normal for breasts to be somewhat lumpy; what you are looking for is something bigger or something that has changed
Reference 6

7. Tests Physical exam Clinical breast exam Mammogram Ultrasound MRI
Blood Test
Biopsy
There are screenings to look for cancer before symptoms occur, diagnostic tests that determine if breast cancer is present and what type it is, and monitoring tests for those who have been diagnosed with breast cancer
Physical exam-overall health
Clinical breast exam- exam of only breast by doctor
Mammogram-x-ray of breast
Ultrasound- use sound waves to form picture of body tissue
MRI- uses magnet, radio waves, computer to make picture
Biopsy-removal of cells or tissue

8. Screening Guidelines Self exam Clinical exam Mammogram
Self exam – monthly starting at age 20 or before
Report any changes in breasts or any concerns to your doctor
Clinical every three years, starting at age 20; annually, starting at age 40
Mammogram- every two years, starting at age 50 or before – what is a mammogram
Earlier and more frequent screenings may be done for those with high risk factors, especially if breast cancer runs in the family

9. Self Breast Exam In the mirror:
Stand in front of a mirror, undressed from the waist up; make sure there is good lighting
With arms relaxed at sides, look for changes in the size, shape, and position of breasts; look for dimpling, sores, and discoloration of skin and nipples
Reference 10

10. Self Breast Exam 4. Raise arms above head and look for changes
3. Place hands on hips and press down firmly; look for changes
Reference 5

11. Self Breast Exam Lying down: Lie down and place arm behind your head
Using the pads of the first few fingers of the opposite hand, press down firmly on the breast
Move hand in small circular motion; make sure to cover the whole area from the collarbone to the top of the abdomen and from the armpit to cleavage
Reference 5

12. Self Breast Exam In the Shower:
In the shower, raise one hand behind your head and check for lumps the same way you did with lying down; it may be easier to use soap on your hands
* If you find any changes or anything else that concerns you, consult your doctor!
Reference 5

13. Clinical Breast Exam Mammogram Reference 8 Reference 7
Clinical breast exam- feeling for lumps and looking for abnormalities or changes; screening
Mammogram- x-ray of breast tissue
Reference 7

14. Treatment
Treatments are meant to remove the cancerous cells and to prevent the cancer from returning.
Surgery
Radiation therapy
Chemotherapy
Hormone therapy
Biological therapy
Depends on stage of cancer, type of breast cancer, hormone receptor levels in tumor, how fast tumor is growing, women’s age and health
Breast cancer is very treatable if detected early\
Surgery
Mastectomy- remove a breast or part of a breast
Lumpectomy- remove tumor and small amount of surrounding tissue
Lymph node removal

15. Surgery Radiation Therapy
Reference 9
Surgery- most common treatment; sometimes do chemotherapy first; lymph node removal to determine if cancer has spread
Radiation- use high-energy rays to kill cells; may be used after surgery

16. Chemotherapy Hormone Therapy Reference 9
Chemo- use drugs to kill cells or slow growth
Hormone therapy- inhibit cancer cells by blocking supply of estrogen or progesterone if cells have receptors
Hormone Therapy

17. Stages of Breast Cancer
5 year Survival Rate
93% I
88%
IIA
81%
IIB
74%
IIIA
67%
IIIB
41%
IIIC
49% IV
15%
Stage 0: early diagnosis, cancer has not spread
Stage I: cancer is starting to move to healthy tissue in the area
Stage II: cancer has grown and/or spread
Stage III: cancer is advanced but not yet spread to bones or other organs
Stage IV: cancer has spread to bones or other organs

18. Prevention Limit the amount of alcohol you drink Do not smoke
Exercise regularly and keep a healthy diet
Breast feed if possible
Limit dose and duration of hormone therapy
Avoid exposure to radiation and environmental pollution
Reference 11

19. Prevention Be aware and in control of your health
Know your body and be observant of changes
Follow a calendar for the routine checkups appropriate for your age
Work with your doctor for what is best for you

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21. Thank You
Questions?

22. References
"Breast Cancer and the Breast Self-Exam." WebMD. WebMD, Web. 02 June 2015.
"Breast Cancer." National Cancer Institute. National Cancer Institute, n.d. Web. 02 June 2015.
"WebMD Breast Cancer Center: Types, Symptoms, Causes, Genes, Staging, Tests, and Treatments." WebMD. WebMD, n.d. Web. 02 June 2015.
"Basic Information About Breast Cancer." Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 18 Nov Web. 02 June 2015.
"The Five Steps of a Breast Self-Exam." Breastcancer.org. N.p., 4 Mar Web. 02 June 2015.
"Symptoms and Signs :: The National Breast Cancer Foundation." National Breast Cancer Foundation. National Breast Cancer Foundation, n.d. Web. 02 June 2015.
“Mammogram." National Breast Cancer Foundation. National Breast Cancer Foundation, n.d. Web. 02 June 2015.
“Clinical Breast Exam." National Breast Cancer Foundation. National Breast Cancer Foundation, n.d. Web. 02 June 2015.
“Treatment." National Breast Cancer Foundation. National Breast Cancer Foundation, n.d. Web. 02 June 2015.
“Breast Self-Exam." National Breast Cancer Foundation. National Breast Cancer Foundation, n.d. Web. 02 June 2015.
“Healthy Habits." National Breast Cancer Foundation. National Breast Cancer Foundation, n.d. Web. 02 June 2015.