1. WWI and Russian Revolution
The Making of the Great War (WWI)
February Revolution
Oktober Revolution
Lesson #8

2. Collecting colonies based on Nationalism
One result of Nationalism was competition
Competition on the national level can get ugly
The “scramble for Africa” \
is one example.
War is another.

3. Nationalism, leading to hatred and entangling alliances & War
World War I started because of intense nationalism
Each nation thought they were the greatest
Each nation thought they were unbeatable
Each nation fought with modern technology
In the end, the carnage was unimaginable.

5. The “M.A.I.N.” causes of World War I
What were the “MAIN” causes of WWI?
Militarism
Alliances
Imperialism
Nationalism
Nationalism was the cause of the other three
Militarism – massive build up of armies
Alliances – entangling alliances – no option but to fight if your ally gets in war
Imperialism – collecting of lands as a part of empire building
M -
A -
I -
N -

6. Militarism Armies grew to support the greatness of their nations
Britain wanted a giant navy
Russia had the most men
France had technology
Germany wanted to surpass all of them

7. Prelude to World War I
Germany had ONE ally in 1914, when the war started: Austria
German Kaiser, William II told Austria they MUST remain strong, so that Germany would remain strong
When Serbian nationalists demanded independence for Serbians living in Austria, Germany pushed them to be tough
Austria then looked for an opportunity to go to war against Serbia, defeat them, and decrease Serbian nationalism
Germany fully supported Austria (“blank check”)
June 28, 1914 – Archduke Frans Ferdinand, prince of Austria – assassinated in a parade while visiting Sarajevo
(Sarajevo was a city in a section of Austria which was mostly Serbian)

8. Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand
Assassin: Gavrillo Princip
Archduke: prince of Austria
Location: Sarajevo

9. Start of World War I
Austria used this assassination as the excuse to declare war
Austria attacked Serbia
Serbia’s ally, Russia, attacked Austria
Germany, Austria’s ally, declared war on Russia
Russia was allies with France
Germany expected France would fight along side Russia
Germany feared a two-front war. To avoid fighting BOTH Russia and France at same time, they had a plan

10. Start of World War I
The plan guessed Russia would take a long time mobilizing (preparing for war)
Germany declared war on France, and invaded through Belgium
And planned to hit Russia later
Britain joined in – WWI had begun
Plan: to defeat France first, THEN Russia

11. THE FIGHTING of WWI Russia mobilized quickly
Germany forced to fight on two fronts
German Western advanced halted
German Eastern advanced pushed deep into Russia

13. THE FIGHING of WWI Russians attack Germany – two front war
In East: Russians pulverized
In West: Trench Warfare “the Western Front”
Russians forced into retreat
Humiliated, the Czar abdicated
Russia ended up surrendering
West was static
Trench Warfare

14. Trench Warfare

15. Trench Warfare

16. Trench Warfare

17. Trench Warfare

18. NEW KILLING MACHINES of WWI
“Aeroplane”
Submarine
Tanks
Flame thrower
Poison gas
Longer range artillery
Pill boxes
TRENCH WARFARE

19. THE END of WWI Russians defeated, forced to surrender
Americans join fight in 1917
Germans finally surrender 1918
Armistice: at 11am

20. PEACE TREATY of WWI TREATY OF VERSAILLES Run by “big four”
USA, FRANCE, ENGLAND, ITALY
Germany not invited
Russia not invited
France, England, Italy want to punish
USA tried to prevent: failed
Result: a treaty that humiliated Germany

21. RUSSIAN REVOLUTION (729-733)
Russian defeats destroyed Czar’s government
Czar abdicated (surrendered the throne)
the new Duma (congress) fought on
Duma overthrown by Bolsheviks (Communists)
(6 months later)
Civil War – Communists won
Result: Lenin (leader of Communists) created a
classless society

22. Nicholas II

23. Gregory Rasputin

24. THE IMPACT of WWI (1920s) Nearly 20 million dead Land destroyed
Fear and anger
Hatred and self protection
Economies devastated
Desperation will lead to dictatorships in 1930s
Dictatorships lead to war in 1940s
Click – 45 min docu.