1. Organic Chemistry
Packet #8
Chapter #2

2. Introduction Organic Chemistry Why carbon? The chemistry of carbon
Backbone of all life
Any object on earth that contains carbon is considered as being organic
Not to be confused with organic foods
Has the ability to make four chemical bonds
Remember, carbon has four valence electrons

3. Four Organic Compounds Compounds of Life
There are four groups of organic compounds
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic acids

4. Organic Compounds/Marcromolecules
Carbohydrates

5. Carbohydrates Introduction
Mainly used for energy
Other names for carbohydrates
Sugars
Saccharide
Starches
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6. Types of Carbohydrates
Monosaccharides
Monomer
Simple sugar
Glucose
Fructose
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7. Types of Carbohydrates
Di-saccharides
Polymer
Combines two monosaccharides
Sucrose
Glucose & Fructose joined together
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8. Types of Carbohydrates
Polysaccharide
Polymer
Combines many monosaccharides together
Cellulose
Several thousand glucose molecules joined together.
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9. Polysaccharides

10. Production of Polymers
Polysaccharides, and other polymers, can be combined/linked together by a chemical process known as polymerization to form polymers.

11. Organic Compounds/Marcromolecules
Lipids

12. Lipids Structure Commonly called fat Composed of two parts Glycerol
Fatty acids
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13. Lipids

14. Saturated vs. Unsaturated Fat
The fatty acids only single bonds
Unsaturated
The fatty acids have one or more multiple bonds
Better for your health because the ”kinks” prevent the fat molecules from packing closely together.
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15. Phospholipids Special Class of Lipids
Found at the surface of cells
Four main components
Glycerol
Fatty acids
PO4 {Phosphate/Phosphate Group}
Organic molecule
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16. Phospholipids II

17. Organic Compounds/Macromolecules
Nucleic Acids

18. Nucleic Acids I Make up genes and chromosomes
Nucleic Acids are composed of multiple nucleotides joined together.
Polynucleotides
Examples
DNA
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
RNA
Ribonucleic Acid
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19. Nucleic Acids—Nucleotides
Three main components
Nitrogenous base
Adenine; Guanine; Cytosine; Thymine; Uracil
Uracil is only found in the Nucleic Acid RNA
Thymine is only found in the Nucleic Acid DNA
Sugar
Deoxyribose
DNA ONLY
Ribose
RNA ONLY
Phosphate group
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20. Organic Compounds/Macromolecules
Proteins

21. Proteins Functions Composed of polypeptides
Provide support
Used for storage
Transports other substances
Composed of polypeptides
A sequence of amino acids
Proteins can become “active”
Enzymes
Regulate metabolism
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