1. Rules Refreshers
Talking
Electronics
Success

2. #18 Ch 16 Notes

3. Details: Read & Notes Ch 16 S 1 ____________________ #3 Ch 16 S 1
Examine the origins of American involvement in the war, with an emphasis on the events that precipitated the attack on Pearl Harbor.

4. Chapter 16: World War Looms Section 1: Dictators Threaten World Peace

5. Standards
11.7 Students analyze America's participation in World War II.
.1 Examine the origins of American involvement in the war, with an emphasis on the events that precipitated the attack on Pearl Harbor.
.4 Analyze Roosevelt's foreign policy during World War II (e.g., Four Freedoms speech).

6. Objectives
Following lecture and reading of this section, students will be able to:
Characterize the government that took power in Russia, Italy, Germany, and Japan after World War I
Describe America’s return to isolationism in the 1930s

7. Nationalism Grips Europe and Asia
Failures of the World War I Peace Settlement
Treaty of Versailles caused anger & resentment in Europe
Germany upset about:
Being blame for war (war guilt clause)
Losing colonies & border territories
Russia upset about:
Losing lands that were used to create other nations

8. European Democracies Fail
Newly established democracies failed in post WWI Europe
Social & economic problems
Social- no democratic tradition; the people did not understand how to create effective change
Economic- much of Europe especially Germany, and Russia experienced depression following WWI
Dictators rose to power
Driven by nationalism & a desire for more territory
Joseph Stalin (Soviet Union)
Benito Mussolini (Italy)
Adolf Hitler (Germany)

9. Dictators of Europe
1930s-40s
Hitler
Mussolini
Stalin
Franco

10. Stalin Transforms the Soviet Union
1922; Lenin established the Soviet Union after a civil war (Russian Revolution)
1924 Joseph Stalin took over:           
Replaced private farms with collectives
Soviet Union became second largest industrial power (U.S. was 1st)
Famines killed millions
Purged anyone who threatens his power; 8–13 million killed
Established a totalitarian government
A gov’t which exerts complete control over people

11. The Rise of Fascism in Italy
Unemployment & inflation lead to bitter strikes in Italy; some communist-led
Middle, upper classes want stronger leadership
Benito Mussolini
Fascist dictator that played on people’s fears of economic collapse & communist revolution
Fascism- stresses nationalism & needs of the state above individual
Supported by government officials, police, army
1922; appointed head of government & established totalitarian state

12. Nazis Take Over Germany
Adolf Hitler
Leader of National Socialist German Workers’ Party (NAZI)
Mein Kampf “my struggle”- (written in jail)
Basic beliefs of Nazism; extreme nationalism
Goals:
Unite German-speaking people
Enforce racial “purification”

13. Hitler Takes Control 1932, 6 million unemployed
Many men joined Hitler’s private army
Nazis become strongest political party in Germany
Hitler named chancellor
Hitler dismantles the government
democratic Weimar Republic
Establishes Third Reich
1,000 year Reich

14. Militarists Gain Control in Japan
1931; Japanese Nationalist military leaders seize Manchuria, China
League of Nations condemns action
Japan quits League
The Japanese Nationalist military leaders seize control of the Japanese government

15. Aggression in Europe and Africa
Germany
1933; Hitler quits League of Nations
Following the Japanese example
Hitler saw the League of Nations do nothing to Japan for its violations
1935; Hitler begins military buildup of Germany
Violation of the Treaty of Versailles
Hitler then sends troops into Rhineland
League of Nation does nothing to stop Hitler
Italy
1935; League fails to stop Mussolini’s invasion of Ethiopia
Ethiopian emperor, “It is us today, it will be you tomorrow.”

16. Civil War Breaks Out in Spain
1936; General Francisco Franco rebels against the Spanish republic (established government)
Spanish Civil War begins
Hitler (Germany) & Mussolini (Italy) support Franco
Stalin (USSR) aided Spanish Republic
Western democracies (U.S., France, UK = neutral)
Abraham Lincoln Brigade- 3,000 U.S. go & fight!
SCW leads to Rome-Berlin Axis
Alliance between Italy and Germany
1939; Franco wins Spanish Civil War
Franco becomes fascist dictator of Spain

17. Americans Cling to Isolationism
Reports surface about profits of banks, arms dealers during WW I
Known as the “merchants of death”
U.S. Public was outraged
Anti-war sentiment; big time isolationism
FDR forced to back off of open foreign policy because of possible entanglements
1935; Neutrality Acts
Outlawed loaning money & selling weapons to nations at war, or involved in civil war
Idea was to keep U.S. out of future wars

18. Neutrality Breaks Down
1937; Japan launched a new attack on China
FDR sent U.S. aid to China
Violation on Neutrality Acts?
FDR found a loop hole
Japan had not formally declared war on China
No need to enforce Neutrality Acts
FDR was against isolationism
FDR wanted to isolate the aggressor nations and confront them early to stop the spread of war
FDR was criticized by isolationist newspapers
Accused of leading the nation into war.

19. #3 Ch 16 S 1 Details: Read & Notes Ch 16 S 1
Margin ?s: A, D, F, & G (4)
Study Guide ?s 1-3
What type of foreign policy did the U.S. adopt after WWI?
What laws did Congress pass regarding foreign policy?
Why did many Americans have difficulty with a policy of Neutrality?

20. Word/definition/sentence or illustration
Totalitarian
Stalin
Mussolini
Hitler
Neutrality Acts