1. Civil War & Reconstruction Day 15
Civil War & Reconstruction #4 due 10:45 p.m.
Warm-up
Civil War Part II Notes
Objective: TLW will understand individuals, issues, and events of the Civil War
Activity:Have students copy the warm – up, discuss. Then using their journals students will take notes over the Civil War (part II). Discuss.
Materials: Journal, ppts.,pen/pencil
Evaluation: Teacher observation, journal notes
TEKS: 8ABC
Warm-Up
What is so important about Sergeant William Carney?
William Carney was the first African American to receive the
Medal of Honor

2. ON YOUR DESK UNDER YOUR CHAIR
Journal pages 17-19
Pen or Pencil
UNDER YOUR CHAIR
Everything else

3. How did geography influence the early economic development of New York, Boston, and Charleston?
Long coastlines offered abundant natural resources.
Proximity to flowing rivers limited development
Natural harbors provided access to markets
Extreme climates limited productive activity.

4. Which of the following was a primary reason France sought to colonize North America?
To reduce overpopulation in Europe
To create communities founded on religious tolerance
To profit from trading in furs and other goods
To create joint ventures with other European powers

5. Which statement best explains the significance of the Mayflower Compact?
It limited the power of future colonial governments.
It weakened the influence of religion in government.
It established a form of self-government based on a social contract.
It guaranteed liberties for colonists through local government.

6. British colonists objected to the Proclamation of 1763 because they -
feared it would provoke attacks from American Indians
did not want to share control of the fur trade with France
resented the limits it imposed on westward expansion
wanted to be able to trade freely with foreign nations

7. The growth of the railroads during the nineteenth century affected U.S. businesses by -
Discouraging Congress from instituting tariffs
Increasing the cost of raw materials
Decreasing the wages of unskilled workers
Opening new markets for goods

8. Supreme Court Cases Worcester v. Georgia Marbury v. Madison
McCulloch v. Maryland
Gibbons v. Ogden
Dred Scott v. Sandford
Congressional power to regulate interstate commerce
Judicial review
Bank creation is necessary and proper
Indian Removal unconstitutional
Ruled slaves were not citizens, slaves were property

9. States’ Rights and Causes of Civil War
Republican Abraham Lincoln wins the presidency in 1860 with a minority of the popular vote
Economy, geography, and human characteristics of North differ strongly from that of the South
Monroe Doctrine says Western Hemisphere is closed to colonization
President Jackson threatens to use U.S. troops to enforce federal law
Uncle Tom’s Cabin is widely read, many northern preachers speak out against slavery, and John Brown dies a martyr
Calhoun and others still believe a state has the right to nullify federal laws within its borders
Union defeats Confederacy 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
Congress passes a high federal tariff in 1832
Legislature of South Carolina nullifies the tariff ? D
Southern states secede from United States and form the Confederacy
Issue of slavery splits Democratic Party into North and South A ?
Henry Clay gets compromise bill passed that South Carolina accepts
Nullification Crisis (1832) F ?
11 southern states secede over the issues of slavery and states’ rights
Secession is defeated and Reconstruction begins G ?
Most Americans identify more with their region than with the nation as a whole ? B
Americans in North and south rarely share the same economic or political goals ? E
More and more Northerners believe slavery is immoral and should be illegal
Southerners believe North will abolish slavery once it has the votes to do so

10. ON YOUR DESK UNDER YOUR CHAIR
Journal pages 17-19
Pen or Pencil
UNDER YOUR CHAIR
Everything else

11. THE CIVIL WAR
Part 2

12. REVIEW (you don’t need to write this)
The main issue which caused the Civil War was states’ rights. The issue of slavery was part of that.
Union’s plan to win the war was the Anaconda Plan.
1861- The war began at Fort Sumter
1863- The turning point of the war in favor of the North
1865- The war ended; the Union (North) won

13. THE CIVIL WAR
After the Battle of Bull Run in the summer of 1861, both sides planned on a long, drawn out conflict requiring large, trained armies.
The Union began to implement the Anaconda Plan, while the Confederacy hoped a defensive effort would tire the Union and end the war.

14. 1862

15. BLOCKADE X X X

16. The Union placed a blockade on the southern coastline from Virginia to Texas to stop the export of southern cotton to Europe and the importation of weapons and supplies to the south.
Fighting shifted from the east to the west as the Union prepared to capture the Mississippi River.
Julia Ward Howe wrote the “Battle Hymn of the Republic”; new lyrics for the song “John Brown’s Body”. It became a marching song for the Union military.

17. BATTLE OF SHILOH
Shiloh is on the Tennessee side of the border with Mississippi.
Over 23,000 casualties in a two day battle.
Union victory- Ulysses S. Grant gained attention as the winning General.
Tennessee was now in Union control.
Ulysses S. Grant

18. THE BATTLE OF NEW ORLEANS
3 weeks after Shiloh, Union Admiral David Farragut captured the vital port of New Orleans, La.
Only 150 miles of the Mississippi remained under Confederate control.

19. THE BATTLE OF ANTIETAM
To take pressure off the western front, Lee invaded the north in an attempt to capture Washington D.C.
Battle took place at Antietam, Maryland in the fall of 1862.
Over 22,700 casualties, the bloodiest day of the war.
Neither side won, but Lee retreated.
Lincoln considered this a victory (you’ll see why that’s important).

20. 1863

21. TURNING POINT

22. 1863 is considered to be the turning point of the war.
The original goal of the north was to save the Union. After 1863, it became a war to save the Union AND free the slaves.
Despite Confederate losses, the war would continue for two additional years, resulting in more death and destruction.

23. EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION
What does emancipate mean?
As the war dragged on Lincoln realized that European nations that opposed slavery would never support the side that did not want slavery to end.
Freeing slaves could also deprive the Confederacy of a large part of its workforce.
Lincoln issued the Proclamation on Jan. 1, It freed the slaves in the Confederacy.
He did not free slaves in the border states because Congress had to do that.
Lincoln was trying to achieve a military advantage.
To free
What does proclaim mean?
To announce
Lincoln signing the Emancipation Proclamation

25. THE IMPACT OF THE PROCLAMATION
Almost 200,000 African-Americans enlisted in the Union Army.
Lincoln took the step of living up to Jefferson’s belief that “all men are created equal”

26. THE BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG
Lee invaded the north for the second time.
Between July 1st – 3rd, both armies clashed at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania.
On July 3, the south mounted a fatal attack called Pickett’s Charge.
Lee lost, retreated, and was on the run for the rest of the War.
Over 51,000 casualties.

28. THE BATTLE OF VICKSBURG
Vicksburg was the last fortress on the Mississippi River.
It was bombarded with an average of 2,800 shells a day
People dug caves into the hillsides for protection (more than 500)
After a month long siege by Ulysses S. Grant, the Confederates surrendered the city on July 4th.

29. THE IMPORTANCE OF GETTYSBURG AND VICKSBURG
Within 48 hours, the Confederates lost the two biggest battles of the war.
After Gettysburg, Lee never invaded the north again and was being chased for the next year and a half.
With the surrender of Vicksburg, the Mississippi was in Union hands. Texas, Arkansas, and Louisiana were cut off from the war. (see map)
This was the turning point.

30. 1864

31. Sherman’s “March to the Sea”
TOTAL WAR
Sherman’s “March to the Sea” X X X

32. SHERMAN’S MARCH TO THE SEA
After Vicksburg, William T. Sherman spent 1864 marching to the Atlantic, destroying everything in a 60 mile wide, 300 mile long path.
By Christmas 1864, the lower south was split and defeated.
William T. Sherman

34. 1865

35. War comes to an end

36. APPOMATTOX COURT HOUSE
By April 3, 1865 the Union had captured Richmond.
The Confederate government collapsed and fled.
Lee surrendered his army on April 9th to Ulysses S. Grant.
The war was over.
Lee surrenders to Grant

37. AFTERMATH OF THE WAR Over 620,000 died Over 470,000 wounded
Over 1.5 million casualties
1 in 4 soldiers never returned
1 in 13 soldiers missing one or more limbs
Over $6.3 billion was spent
The South was destroyed.
America faced the tough task of reconstructing the nation.

38. LINCOLN’S ASSASSINATION
Just six days after the war ended, Abraham Lincoln was assassinated by John Wilkes Booth at Ford’s Theater.
His VP, Andrew Johnson, was sworn in and became our 17th president.
Reconstruction begins.