1. Byzantine Empire & Mongols

3. I. Byzantine Empire

4. A. Decline of the Roman Empire
Political instability
Fighting – Germanic Tribes trying to break away and conquer other areas
Economic problems (fighting, overtaxing, barter)
Population movement – cities becoming crowded (unemployment, slums)

5. B. Diocletian 284 CE – becomes leader of Rome
Decides to divide empire: Diocletian – East (Byzantine Empire); Maximian – West
Problems: “black market”; oppressive government (maybe)
Reforms:
Set prices (max. amounts)
Froze occupations (sons same occupation as fathers)
POWs and mercenaries – used in army
Once a farmer always a farmer

6. WHY DID DIOCLETIAN DIVIDE THE ROMAN EMPIRE?

7. Diocletian Splits the Empire in Two: 294 CE

8. C. Constantine Adoption of Christianity Reforms
Saw a cross superimposed in the sun before the battle
Wins – Believed Christian God helped
Edict of Milan (313 CE)
Ended persecution of the Christians
Guaranteed religious freedom for all
Reforms
Continued policies of Diocletian
Constantinople – new capital
Built churches and helped with the doctrine of the Church

9. Constantinople: A Greek City (Istanbul Today)

10. Byzantine Empire - Constantinople

11. D. Justinian and Theodora
Ruled for 37 years (wise advisers)
Theodora – wife; former actress
Justinian Code –written down over the years
Built the Hagia Sophia
Status of Women
No longer beaten
Keep children after death of husband
Sue for divorce
Own land
(read pages 301 – 306)

12. Hagia Sophia “Holy Wisdom”

13. Interior of the Church of Hagia Sophia

14. Division in the Christian Church (Catholic)
1. Catholic Church
Sacraments – 7 (baptism, communion, confirmation, penance, ordination, matrimony, extreme unction)
Hierarchy – Pope (top) – parish priests (bottom)
CE – Emperor Leo III banned the use of icons; caused the Church to split
3. Two churches – Eastern Orthodox; Catholic Church

15. The Division of Christianity
Roman Catholics & Eastern Orthodox Christians practice their regions differently:

16. Who were the people of Kievan Rus?
Slavic and Viking People
Influenced by the Roman and the Byzantine
Located on the Dnieper River-
sailed through the Black Sea and into Constantinople for trade.
They learned about Christianity from missionaries sent from Constantinople.
Cyril-developed the Cyrllic alphabet and translated the bible to the language of the Slavics so they could read it and take part in worship services.

17. II. Kievan Rus

18. A. Vladimir Brings religion to Kievan Rus Reasons for Eastern Orthodox
Sent advisors to visits areas where one religion was dominate
Islam – could not drink alcohol
Judaism – lack of compassion of God (persecuted throughout history)
Catholicism – rejected
Eastern Orthodox
Reasons for Eastern Orthodox
Hagia Sophia – impressed the advisors
Cyrillic alphabet – Bible & services
Trade – Black Sea
Baptism of Kiev

19. B. Yaroslav the Wise
Married daughters to rulers in other lands (alliance)
Created a legal code
Library
Built 400 churches – helped Christianity grow
Error – divide empire among his sons; sets a precedent, which weakens empire

20. REVIEW!!!! 1. Who ordered Kievans to become Christians?
2. Was Yaroslav really so WISE when he divided his empire among his sons? Why?
3. Why is the year 1054 CE important?
4. The orthodox Church encouraged the use of the local language. (T or F)
5.Differences between the RCC and EOC resulted in what? ____ ______ _______

21. REVIEW 6. Justinian owed much of his success to_________?
7.The most spectacular example of Byzantine architecture was the _______ _______.
8. What led to Rome’s decline?
9.What is the title for a Russian ruler?
10. Who was head of the RCC?
11. How did Constantine know he was going to win the battle for control of the Byzantine Empire?

22. REVIEW 12. Why did Diocletian divide his empire?
13. What law was created in the B.E.?
14. What was the Byzantine city that was the center of trade and religion?
15. Head of the EOC?
16. The Eastern ROMAN EMPIRE became known as ______ _______ ____.
17. Religious images used by East. Christians in their devotions were called?

23. C. Mongols invade Russia
1200’s – Mongols invade
1240 – Kiev is destroyed & killed all the inhabitants
1. Life in Russia under the Mongols
Allowed to keep religion
Required to pay a tax (tribute)
Required absolute obedience
Isolated from Western Europe
Freedom from the Mongols
Ivan I – gained favor with the Mongols (tax collector)
Ivan I convinced the Patriarch of Kiev (bishop) to move to Moscow – Church protected
Increased the power of Russia – acquired land, marriages, etc.

24. b 2. Ivan III – challenged power of the Mongols
Refused to pay the tribute
Wanted to make Russia the “third Rome”
Title – czar (tsar)
Face to face with Mongols
Neither side fights – Mongols leave;
Russia is born

25. III. The Mongols
Ogodei Khan
Genghis Khan
Kublai Khan

26. A. Background Nomadic 130,000 cavalry troops
Great warriors (stirrups – important)
Infants – trained on goats
Khan – name of leader; spoke to and for god
Slavery – refugees
$ - tribute

27. B. Genghis Khan Temujin (real name) 1206 CE – Mongol Leader
Adopted feudal system (land to loyal people)
Started advancement into China
1227 CE – died
Burial site unknown
People who buried ruler - executed

28. Genghis Khan’s childhood
Father was a chief
Poisoned by another group
Genghis was 12
Group took inheritance (flock and herds)
Deserted – struggle to survive
Ruthless as a child – killed ½ brother because he stole from him
Killed with bow and arrow – expert
Eventually – captured by the Clan leader who took his inheritance
One night – Genghis escaped
Comes back and deals with his captor

29. With Heaven's aid I have conquered for you a huge empire
With Heaven's aid I have conquered for you a huge empire.  But my life was too short to achieve the conquest of the world.  That is left for you.   --Genghis Khan, to his sons at the end of his life

30. http://highered. mcgraw-hill

31. The Yassa I will rule them by fixed laws so that rest and happiness shall prevail in the world. – Genghis Khan
An adulterer is to be put to death without any regards as to whether he is married or not.
Whoever intentionally lies, or practices sorcery, or spies upon the behavior of others, or intervenes between the two parties in a quarrel to help the one against the other is also to be put to death.
Whoever urinates into water or ashes is also to be put to death.
Whoever takes goods (on credit) and becomes bankrupt, then again takes goods and again becomes bankrupt, then takes goods again and yet again becomes bankrupt is to be put to death after the third time.
Whoever gives food or clothing to a captive without permission of his captor is to be put to death.
Almost every crime resulted in death if a person was caught. Genghis demanded loyalty, obedience, honesty, and discipline. It was said that the Yassa worked so well that carloads of gold could be left out and untouched by the people.

33. C. Ogodei Son Military state to a centralized government
China – officials helped
“The empire was created on horseback, but it can not be governed on horseback.”
China to western Persia (Iran)
Russia, Poland, Hungary
Western Expansion stopped – his death

34. D. Kublai Khan Yuan Empire 20 years – conquer southern China
Kublai – 1st emperor
Grandson of Genghis Khan
20 years – conquer southern China
Beijing – capital; palace; trade highways; parks (hunting)
Problems
Western & Eastern ideas
Plague (devastates China)

35. D. continued Government
Replaced Chinese nobles with foreigners (more trustworthy)
Confucius ideas
Encouraged study of medicine and brought scientists to area to teach the Chinese
Chinese elite – no place in government; become good business men (loan money to Mongols) and writers
Contact with European nations (Louis IX & Pope sent ambassadors to area)
1294 CE – dies (Chaos)

38. KHANATE OF THE GOLDEN HORDE= KHANATE= KINGDOM HORDE= CAMP
WHAT IS A KHANATE?
KHANATE IS: 4 REGIONS OF LAND CONQUERED BY THE MONGOLS AND EACH RULED BY A DECENDANT OF
GENGHIS KHAN
1- KHANATE OF THE Great Khan(Mongolia and China)
2-the Khanate of Chagatai (Central Asia)
3-the Ilkahanate (persia)
4-the Khanate of the golden horde (russia)
KHANATE OF THE GOLDEN HORDE=
KHANATE= KINGDOM
HORDE= CAMP
GOLDEN=MONGOL COLORS
MODERN DAY LOCATIONS:
CHINA, KOREA, TURKEY, IRAN, RUSSIA, PAKISTAN, IRAQ
KHANATATES

39. MONGOL EMPIRE RECEIVES A GUEST!
1275 Marco Polo visits Kublai Khan’s China by way of travel with his father/uncle on the Silk roads.
Polo became a member of Kublai Khan’s court and traveled for the Khan on several government missions.
Traveled all over china
Learned several Asian languages
Polo was captured later and put in a
Genoan prison.
The prison is where he wrote his book of his
adventures to China.
Polo’s encounters and descriptions in his book
would later inspire the exploration era for
new, undiscovered land.

41. They collected tribute required obedience and allowed self rule? Who?
Which Mongol used military conquest of China, increased trade in the Mongol Empire, And obeyed the rituals of his ancestors?
Who was the Russian prince that led the Russians to freedom from the Mongols and established Russia was?
Russia achieved freedom from Mongol rule only after_______?
What was the extensive trade route called that went from Eastern Europe to China?
Which group was responsible for the fall of the Byzantine Empire?
What civilization became known as the 3rd Roman Empire?
The ceremonies performed in the Catholic Church are called the _____________.

44. The Black Death
1300 ‘S

45. The Culprits

46. 1347: Plague Reaches Constantinople!

47. Septicemic Form: almost 100% mortality rate.
The Symptoms
Bulbous
Septicemic Form: almost 100% mortality rate.

48. WESTERN EUROPE 20-25 MILLION DEAD
THE BLACK PLAGUE
A.K.A.-BUBONIC PLAGUE
A.K.A.-”THE BLACK DEATH”
KILLS MILLIONS OF VICTIMS FROM ASIA TO EUROPE!
GOVERNMENTS DO NOT KNOW HOW TO CONTAIN IT
PEOPLE LOOK TO GOVERNMENT TO SAVE THEM
TOTAL DEATH TOLL:
WESTERN EUROPE MILLION DEAD
CHINA, INDIA AND OTHER ASIANS MILLION DEAD

49. FALL OF THE MONGOL EMPIRE:
DUE TO:
OVER EXPANSION
HEAVY TAXATION
RESENTMENT FROM THE CHINESE
MILITARY DEFEATS
OVERSPENDING