1. SECTION 9-3 Representative Articulations

2. Intervertebral articulations
Gliding joints
Vertebral bodies form symphyseal joints cushioned by intervertebral discs
Outer anulus fibrosus and inner nucleus pulposus
Stabilized by ligaments

3. Figure 9.7 Intervertevbral Articulations

4. Figure 9.8 Damage to the Intervertebral Discs

5. Shoulder joint (glenohumoral joint)
Glenoid cavity and head of humerus
Ball and socket diarthroses
Stabilized by ligaments
Strength and stability sacrificed for range of motion

6. Figure 9.9 The Shoulder Joint
Figure 9.9a

7. Figure 9.9 The Shoulder Joint
Figure 9.9b

8. The elbow joint Permits only flexion and extension Hinge diarthroses
Reinforced with strong ligaments
PLAY
Animation: Clavicle & Scapula

9. Hip joint Ball and socket diarthroses Acetabulum and head of femur
Permits flexion/extension, abduction/ adduction, circumduction, rotation
Stabilized by numerous ligaments

10. Figure The Hip Joint
Figure 9.11

11. Knee joint Hinge joint with incomplete articular capsule
Formed by the condyles of the femur and the condylar surfaces of the tibia
Accessory structures help stabilize lateral movements
Permits flexion/extension, limited rotation
Supported by ligaments
PLAY
Animation: Hip

12. Figure The Knee Joint
Figure 9.12a, b

13. Figure The Knee Joint
Figure 9.12c, d

14. SECTION 9-4 Aging and Articulations

15. Joint problems with aging
Joint problems associated with aging
Relatively common
Rheumatism – general term for pain and stiffness in muscular and skeletal elements
Arthritis – all rheumatic diseases affecting synovial joints

16. SECTION 9-5 Bones and Muscles

17. Musculoskeletal system
Encompasses the extensive interactions between the muscular and skeletal systems

18. You should now be familiar with:
The major categories of joints, and the relationship between structure and function for each.
The structure of a synovial joint.
The dynamic movements of the skeleton.
The types of synovial joint, and the relationship of structure to function in each.

19. You should now be familiar with:
The structure and function of the vertebrae, shoulder, elbow, hip and knee joints.
The relationship between joint strength and mobility.
The effects of aging on the joints.