1. UNDERSTANDING PSYCHOLOGY
10TH EDITION
By Robert Feldman
Powerpoint slides by Kimberly Foreman
Revised for 10th Ed by Cathleen Hunt
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2. CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION TO PSYCHOLOGY
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3. MODULE 1: Psychologists at Work
What is the science of psychology?
What are the major specialties in the field of psychology?
Where do psychologists work?
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4. MODULE 1: Psychologists at Work
Definition of Psychology
Scientific study of behavior and mental processes
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5. MODULE 1: Psychologists at Work
Subfields of Psychology:
Psychology’s Family Tree
Separated by the basic questions about behavior that they address
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7. What Are the Biological Foundations of Behavior?
Behavioral Neuroscience
Examines how the brain and the nervous system – as well as other biological processes – determine behavior
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8. How Do People Sense, Perceive, Learn, and Think About the World?
Experimental Psychology
Studies the processes of sensing, perceiving, learning, and thinking about the world
Subspecialty
Cognitive psychology
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9. What Are the Sources of Change and Stability in Behavior Across the Life Span?
Developmental Psychology
Studies how people grow and change from the moment of conception through death
Personality Psychology
Focuses on the consistency in people’s behavior over time and the traits that differentiate one person from another
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10. How Do Psychological Factors Affect Physical and Mental Health?
Health Psychology
Explores the relationship between psychological factors and physical ailments or disease
Clinical Psychology
Deals with the study, diagnosis, and treatment of psychological disorders
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11. How Do Psychological Factors Affect Physical and Mental Health?
Counseling Psychology
Focuses primarily on educational, social, and career-adjustment problems
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12. How Do Our Social Networks Affect Behavior?
Social Psychology
Study of how people’s thoughts, feelings, and actions are affected by others
Cross-Cultural Psychology
Investigates the similarities and differences in psychological functioning in and across various cultures and ethnic groups
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13. Expanding Psychology’s Frontiers
Evolutionary Psychology
Considers how behavior is influenced by our genetic inheritance from our ancestors
Behavioral Genetics
Seeks to understand how we might inherit certain behavioral traits and how the environment influences whether we actually display such traits
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14. Expanding Psychology’s Frontiers
Clinical Neuropsychology
Unites the areas of neuroscience and clinical psychology
Focuses on the origin of psychological disorders in biological factors
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16. Psychologists: A Portrait
Today, ~75% of new psychology doctorates are earned by women.
Vast majority of psychologists in the United States are white
6 percent are members of racial minority groups
Limiting diversity of the field
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17. The Education of a Psychologist
Ph.D.
Doctor of philosophy
Psy.D.
Doctor of psychology
M.A. or M.S.
Master’s degree
B.A. or B.S.
Bachelor’s degree
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18. Careers for Psychology Majors
Most common areas of employment are in social services:
Administrator
Counseling
Provision of direct care
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19. MODULE 2: A Science Evolves: The Past, the Present, and the Future
What are the origins of psychology?
What are the major approaches in contemporary psychology?
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20. The Roots of Psychology
Structuralism
Wilhelm Wundt
Focused on uncovering the fundamental mental components of perception, consciousness, thinking, emotions, and other kinds of mental states and activities
Introspection
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21. The Roots of Psychology
Functionalism
William James
Concentrated on what the mind does and how behavior functions
Stream of consciousness
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22. The Roots of Psychology
Gestalt Psychology
Hermann Ebbinghaus
Max Wertheimer
Emphasized how perception is organized
“The whole is different from the sum of its parts”
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23. Women in Psychology: Founding Mothers
Margaret Floy Washburn
First woman to receive a doctorate in psychology
Leta Stetter Hollingworth
One of the first psychologists to focus on child development and on women’s issues
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24. Women in Psychology: Founding Mothers
Mary Calkins
Studied memory
First female president of the American Psychological Association
Karen Horney
Focused on the social and cultural factors behind personality
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25. Women in Psychology: Founding Mothers
June Etta Downey
First woman to head a psychology department at a state university
Anna Freud
Notable contributions to the treatment of abnormal behavior
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26. Women in Psychology: Founding Mothers
Mamie Phipps Clark
Pioneered work on how children of color grew to recognize racial differences
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27. Today’s Perspectives
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28. The Neuroscience Perspective: Blood, Sweat, and Fears
Considers how people and nonhumans function biologically
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29. The Psychodynamic Perspective: Understanding the Inner Person
Sigmund Freud
Behavior is motivated by inner forces and conflicts about which we have little awareness or control
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30. The Behavioral Perspective: Observing the Outer Person
John B. Watson
B. F. Skinner
Focuses on observable behavior that can be measured objectively
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31. The Cognitive Perspective: Identifying the Roots of Understanding
Focuses on how people think, understand, and know about the world
Information processing
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32. The Humanistic Perspective: The Unique Qualities of the Human Species
Carl Rogers
Abraham Maslow
Emphasis is on free will
Achieving self-fulfillment
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33. MODULE 3: Psychology’s Key Issues and Controversies
What are psychology’s key issues and controversies?
What is the future of psychology likely to hold?
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34. Key Issues Nature versus Nurture
Conscious versus Unconscious Causes of Behavior
Observable Behavior versus Internal Mental Processes
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35. Key Issues Free Will versus Determinism
Individual Differences versus Universal Principles
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36. Psychology’s Future
Psychology will become increasingly specialized and new perspectives will evolve
Neuroscientific approaches will likely influence other branches of psychology
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37. Psychology’s Future Influence on issues of public interest will grow
Issues of diversity will become more important to psychologists providing services and doing research
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