1. Development and Quality of Life

2. Development A progressive process aimed at achieving economic growth
and as a result, a conducive environment for individuals
to enjoy a decent standard of living and quality of life
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3. SoL & QoL Standard of living (SoL): Quality of life (QoL):
Living conditions OR
A measure of the quality and quantity of resources available to people and the way these resources are distributed within a population
Quality of life (QoL):
The degree of satisfaction that an individual or a group of people have with their living conditions and lifestyle
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4. Indicators of Development
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5. Indicators of Development
Economic
Income per capita
Employment structure
Demographic
Life expectancy
Infant mortality rate
Urban population
Social
Access to water & sanitation
Adult literacy rate
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6. Income per capita Gross National Product (GNP)
Refers to the total value of goods and services produced by the citizens of a country in a given year.
Includes contributions by citizens working and investing outside the country
Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
Refers to the total value of goods and services produced by the citizens and non-citizens in a country in a given year.
Excludes contributions by citizens working and investing outside the country
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7. Employment Structure Primary Industries Secondary Industries
Industries that extract natural resources from the Earth
Secondary Industries
Industries that convert natural resources into useful products
Tertiary Industries
Industries that provide services
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8. Life Expectancy
Refers to the average number of years a person can expect to live in a particular country
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9. Infant Mortality Rate (IMR)
Refers to the number of deaths of children under the age of one per 1000 live births in a year
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10. Urban Population
Refers to the percentage of people living in an urban area
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11. Adult Literacy Rate
Refers to the percentage of population aged 15 and above who are able to read, write and understand simple statements.
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12. Human Development Index (HDI)
Refers to a composite index that range from 0 – 1 to rank countries by level of human development and separate developed, developing and less developed countries
Combines GDP per capita, adult literacy rate and life expectancy
The closer the index is to 1, the higher the development
Level of Human Development
HDI Values
High
0.800 – 1.000
Medium
0.500 – 0.799
Low
0.499 and below
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13. Quiz 1:
Describe the development of the world measured by the HDI. [?]
HDI 2009
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14. Factors Affecting Development
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15. Factors Social Environmental Historical Reason Economic
Education
Population growth rate
Environmental
Natural disasters
Climate
Historical Reason
Colonialism
Economic
Raw materials
Cumulative causation
Political Reasons
Political conflict
Leadership
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16. Social ~ Education
Countries with low literacy will face difficulties in achieving development.
Low literacy rates is common among LDCs as the children have fewer opportunities for education because their parents cannot afford to send them to school OR
The number of schools may be limited or there may be a lack of teachers and inadequate facilities
This will result in slow and low development as people with little education face more difficulties learning new skills and technology, leading to a shortage of skilled labour thereby slowing down the development of higher value secondary and tertiary industries
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17. Social ~ Population Growth
The lack of education usually result in the lack of family planning which lead to large family sizes and overpopulation
Overpopulation may lead to insufficient food, housing and healthcare facilities hence resulting in undevelopment
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18. Environmental ~ Natural Disasters
Both DCs and LDCs are subjected to natural disasters
However DCs have the resources to recover from natural disasters faster than LDCs.
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19. Environmental ~ Climate
Countries that experiences favorable climates are more likely to be developed countries
Cool and moist climate of Canada and USA allowed the growing of many important crops such as wheat and oat, which can be consumed or exported
Countries that experiences unfavorable climates are more likely to be less developed countries
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20. Raw materials
Countries with rich raw materials tend to be able to achieve development faster as
Wealth from the raw materials can be invested to develop the country and raise the quality of life
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21. Political Conflict
Countries with unstable environments such as frequent wars and social unrest will deter investors, leading to lack of resources for development
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