1. Goals of the Church Goals of the Catholic Church: Spread Christianity
Convert “Barbarians” to Christianity
Unify Europe under the power of the Church

2. Hierarchy of the Church
Pope: From the Latin term papa
Archbishop: head of groups of diocese
Bishop: head of diocese - a group of parishes
Priest: head of parishes – local communities
Monk: A man who separates himself from the rest of the world to become closer to God/ Monasticism is the practice of living like a monk
Nun: A women who withdrew from the world to dedicate themselves to God

3. Monks Monks had many jobs in the Middle Ages Society:
Pray 8 hours a day
Copy manuscripts (books) by hand
Teachers
Medical Providers
Diseased
Mentally Insane

4. Governmental Duties of the Church
Collected taxes called a tithe (10% tax)
Ran courts such as The Inquisition
Punished Criminals
Made Laws

5. Other Duties of the Church
Education
-- Monasteries (where the monks lived) were Centers of learning
-- Taught reading and writing to noble/wealthy children
Latin (not their vernacular language)
Vernacular: Your native language
Ex. English people speak English, French speak French
Establish schools throughout Europe
Hospital
-- care for the sick and needy
Inn
-- guest houses for travelers

6. Decline in the Medieval Church
If you were a middle ages lord or king how would you feel about what the church was doing within your lands?
Issues that increased the decline of the Church:
Loyalty became divided between spiritual and economic duties
Bishops and monks took on roles of the Lord/Vassal
Fiefs were awarded to wealthy church members
Spiritual discipline and leadership declined
too much corruption

7. The Great Schism 1054 C.E. The Great Schism:
The Catholic Church splits into Eastern Orthodox Vs. Roman Catholic

8. The Western Schism: 1378-1417 The Western Schism led to 2 Popes:
1 in Avignon, France
1 in Rome, Italy

10. Crusades
Crusades: a series of wars in which the Christians of Western Europe attempted to regain control of and keep the Holy Land (Jerusalem) from Muslims.
In the first Crusade, the Christians traveled from Europe, namely France, Italy, and Germany, and into the Byzantium Empire. From Constantinople they traveled south east finally reaching Jerusalem where they gained control of it from the Muslims.
In the second Crusade, the Crusaders left from Northern France and traveled to Constantinople, and then to Antioch and Acre along the eastern Mediterranean shores.
The third crusade started in England and also included France, Italy, Germany among others, and traveled by sea and land to Acre and Jerusalem.
In the fourth Crusade, ships were launched from Northern Italy and sailed to Constantinople, where the city was ravaged and left.

11. Crusades
The Crusades had economic, social, and political goals as well as religious motives.
Muslims controlled Palestine (the Holy Land) and threatened Constantinople (Capital of Byzantium)
The Emperor of Byzantium appealed to Christians to stop Muslim attacks.
European Kings and the Church both saw the Crusades as an opportunity to get rid of knights who fought each other & threatened the peace of the kingdom and Church property.
Many younger sons participated in the Crusades because:
no inheritance of father’s property
looking for land, position in society, or adventure

12. Christians win the First Crusade
Crusades
First Crusade
Called for by the Pope
1097: Three armies of knights assemble in Constantinople
French with Bohemians, Germans, English, Scots, Italians and Spaniards
Not prepared
No background on: geography, climate or culture
1099: the city of Jerusalem is captured
Set up feudal estates to help defend captured land
Christians win the First Crusade

13. Crusades Second Crusade
Called for by the Pope to help defend Jerusalem
Only secured a small coastal piece of land
By 1144—The land around and the city of Jerusalem is lost to Saladin (Leader of the Muslims)

14. Crusades Third Crusade Crusade of the Kings
Led by French, English, and German Kings
Phillip II (French)
Argued with Richard and went home
Frederick I (German)
Drowned on the journey
Richard the Lion Hearted (English)
Ends up leading the crusade
1192: After battling with Saladin Richard makes a truce:
Muslims maintain control, but UNARMED Christians may
go to the Holy Land

15. Crusades Fourth Crusade
Failed to recapture Jerusalem or any new territory
Purpose was to gather works of art, jewels, and gold to pay off debts incurred on previous crusades
Crusaders ransacked towns and sent their treasures home to be sold for cash

16. Crusades Effects of Crusades Opened up Europe to the rest of the world
contact with more advanced civilizations had impact on European civilization
Cities grew
through increased trade
Introduction of new products
Silks, spices, pearls, food, and clothing materials.
Classical literature was rediscovered
Greek/Roman Philosophy, Arab Mathmatics
Decline of Feudalism
Lords lost money, incurred debt, and were killed in battle
Left the common person with more knowledge of the world

17. Bell Work 9/5/2014
While doing your knighthood reading you learned about Chivalry (the way that knights were supposed to act in public and on the battlefield)
Honor and Responsibility as pillars of the Medieval World.
Saladin giving Richard the Lion Hearted a horse in battle.
Please take out your notes and something to write with.
Today we are going to talk about a conflict that changed peoples ideas about chivalry forever…The 100 Years War.

18. The 100 Years War is fought between France and England 1337-1453
Causes of the War
1. English claims to French lands
2. France extending power in Europe (Scotland)
3. Edward III (England) claims French throne
4. National pride and economic rivalry

19. 1. English Land Claims to France
100 Years War
1. English Land Claims to France
The French nobility selected Philip of Valois, a cousin of the last king through the male line.
He founded a new French dynasty that ruled through the 16th Century.
He was chosen over King Edward III of England, whose mother was the daughter of the late king, Philip IV
2. France Extending Power (Scotland)
Edward was also fighting to hold onto Scotland (Braveheart)
which was being supported by France

20. 100 Years War
3. Edward III claimed the French Throne
In 1340, Edward claimed the title “King of France”
4. National Pride & Economic Rivalry
Large parts of “France” were under English Control
Edward was actually a vassal of Philip’s, holding sizable French territories as fiefs from the king of France.
England and France wanted control of Flanders' wool production.
Flanders (Part of France) wanted to be independent and asked England for help.

21. Struggle for National Identity
100 Years War
Struggle for National Identity
France was NOT a united country before the war began
The French king only controlled about half of the country

22. 100 Years War Better Weapons Technology Better Strategy
French Advantages
Population of about 16,000,000
Far richer and more populous than England
At one point, the French fielded an army of over 50,000  at most, Britain mustered only 32,000
British Advantages
Better Weapons Technology
Longbow
Better Strategy
English were outnumbered so they used quick raids
Steal what you can
Destroy everything else
Capture enemy knights to hold for ransom

23. 100 Years War
From The English were the most successful capturing pieces of territory and defeating much larger French armies.
Crecy 1346: English capture Calais which would remain with England until 1558.
Poitiers 1356: French King captured by English ($3 Million Crown Ransom)
Agincourt 1415: 40% of French Nobility Killed
After 1429 The French begin to reconquer their lost territory with the help of Joan of Arc

24. The French “Re-conquest”
100 Years War
The French “Re-conquest”
In 1429, with the aid of Joan of Arc, the French king, Charles VII defeats the English.
The English were besieging a French city (Orleans)
This began the re-conquest of the north of France.

25. Bell Work 9/8/2014
Please take out your notes from Friday, we are going to finish up the 100 Years war and then we are going to start a video on The Plague…
Please pick up two documents from the side:
The Plague Video Paragraph ½ Sheet
This will be due Thursday when you come into class.
The Middle Ages Study Guide Full Sheet
This will be due Friday before you take the Middle Ages Test

26. 100 Years War Joan of Arc (1412-1432)
Peasant from Burgundy that suffered under the English
She reported having regular visions from God telling her to help the French King.
She dressed like a man and was Charles’ most charismatic and feared military leader
At only 17 years old she led French to many victories
She was captured during an attack on Paris and fell into English hands
Because of her “unnatural dress” and claim to divine guidance, she was condemned and burned as a heretic in 1432
Her execution rallies French who continue to drive out the English

27. 100 Years War The End of the War
Despite Joan’s capture, the French advance continued
By 1450, the English had lost all their major centers except Calais.
By 1453 the war ends. There was not treaty; only a end of fighting between the two.

28. France Becomes Unified!
France in 1337
France in 1453

29. Effects of the 100 Years’ War
Sense of national pride in France and expansion of power
English Parliament gains power (House of Commons) and England looks beyond Europe
Increased value of common soldiers and decreased the need for castles and knights (longbow men and cannons)

30. Black Death: The Culprits
Bacteria
Carried by Fleas
Carried by Rats

31. Septicemia Form: almost 100% mortality rate
The Symptoms
Bulbous
Septicemia Form: almost 100% mortality rate

32. The Disease Cycle *Draw in your notes…
Flea drinks rat blood that carries the bacteria
Bacteria
multiply in
flea’s gut
Human is infected!
Flea bites human and leaves some blood in human wound
Flea’s gut clogged with bacteria

34. The Mortality Rate
35% - 70%
25,000,000 dead !!!

35. The Mortality Rate
25 million people died in just under five years between 1347 and 1352
Estimated population of Europe from 1000 to 1352:
1000 = 38 million
1100 = 48 million
1200 = 59 million
1300 = 70 million
1347 = 75 million
1352 = 50 million

36. Medieval Art and the Plague An obsession with death
The victims ate lunch with their friends and dined with their ancestors

37. Causes of the Black Plague
Unsanitary conditions
No medical knowledge
Towns were situated close together

38. Social Effects of the Plague
The Black Plague
Social Effects of the Plague
1. Terror and helplessness: no way to stop it
2. People lost faith: do whatever they want
3. People whip sins out of themselves
4. Blaming of the Jews: thousands slaughtered

39. Attempts to Stop the Plague
Flagellanti: Self-inflicted “penance” for our sins

40. Attempts to Stop the Plague “Golden Circle” obligatory badge
Pogroms: killing and persecution against the Jews
“Golden Circle” obligatory badge
“Jew” hat

41. Attempts to Stop the Plague
A Doctor’s Robe
“Leeching”

42. Economic and Political Effects
The Black Plague
Economic and Political Effects
1. Death of workers and employers leads to a decline in production
2. Remaining workers demand more money leading to inflation (increase in the cost of things)
3. Laws limiting wage increases
4. Workers revolt over wage issues