1. The Civil War

2. THE ELECTION OF 1860
Abraham Lincoln was elected President in 1860, but he received no electoral votes from the South.
Southerners were worried that he would try to end Slavery.
Lincoln’s MAIN GOAL when he became president was to keep the Union together!
Unfortunately he was unable to do so, and South Carolina was the first state to withdraw from the Union with the other southern states following soon after them.

3. Abraham Lincoln 1860

4. Abraham Lincoln
"that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain; that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom, and that the government of the people, by the people, and for the people, shall not perish from the earth“
Speech that Abraham Lincoln gave after the battle at Gettysburg.
What did he mean by this?

5. The Confederate States of America
President- Jefferson Davis
General of the Army- Robert E. Lee
11 states seceded from the Union, including Texas.

7. Fort Sumter- April 1861
The firing at Fort Sumter marked the beginning of the Civil War.
Fort Sumter was held by the Union and the confederates took it from them after a 34 hour long bombardment.
From 1863 to 1865, the Confederates at Fort Sumter withstood a 22 month siege by Union forces.

8. The Battle at Antietam The single bloodiest day of the Civil War.
Location- Maryland
Union Commander: General George McClellan
Confederate Commander: General Robert E. Lee
September 17, 1862
Casualties: Union-12,410 Confederate-13,724
Winner: Union…barely!

9. The Emancipation Proclamation

10. The Emancipation Proclamation
That on the first day of January, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, all persons held as slaves within any State or designated part of a State, the people whereof shall then be in rebellion against the United States, shall be then, henceforward, and forever free; and the Executive Government of the United States, including the military and naval authority thereof, will recognize and maintain the freedom of such persons, or any of them; in any efforts they may make for their actual freedom.
-President Abraham Lincoln
January 1, 1863

11. The Siege of Vicksburg Location- Vicksburg, Mississippi
Union Commander: General Ulysses S. Grant
Confederate: General Joseph E. Johnston
May 19- July 4, 1863
Casualties: Union Casualties: 10, Confederate Casualties: 9,091
Winner: Union
Significance- The Confederates were now divided in two along the Mississippi River. This was the Union’s plan all along, a strategy they referred to as the Anaconda Plan.

12. The Battle of Gettysburg
Location: Gettysburg, Pennsylvania
Union Commander: General George Meade
Confederate Commander: Robert E. Lee
Date: July 1-3, 1863
Casualties: Union-23,049 Confederate-28,063
Winner: Union
Significance: Turning point of the war, last chance for the South to win. Gives the Union the motivation to keep going and WIN the war.

13. The surrender at Appomattox
On April 9, 1865 Robert E. Lee surrendered his army in a little village called Appomattox Courthouse.
Lee surrendered formally to Ulysses S. Grant.
The papers of formal surrender were signed in the home of Wilmer Mclean, whose first house was damaged during the first battle of the Civil War.

14. Strange but true
The first major battle of the Civil War was fought on the property of Wilmer McLean. McLean lived in Manassas, VA, the site of the Battle of Bull Run. After the battle, McLean decided to move to a more peaceful place. He chose Appomattox Courthouse, VA.
When Lee made the decision to surrender in April 1865, he sent Colonel Charles Marshall to find a location for a meeting with Grant. Marshall stopped the first man he saw in the deserted streets of Appomattox Court House. It was Wilmer McLean.
McLean reluctantly offered his home. Thus, the war that began in McLean’s backyard ended in his parlor.

15. The Civil War

16. Texans in the Confederacy
General John B. Magruder
Took Galveston back after the Union captured it
Used Cottonclads
Commander of ALL Confederate forces in Texas
Francis Lubbock
Governor of Texas, left office to fight in the Confederacy
Lubbock, TX is named after him
John Bell Hood
Commander of Hood’s Brigade
Army of Northern Virginia
Engaged most important battles of the war

17. Vocabulary REGIMENT - military force of about 1000 men
COTTONCLAD - steamboats that were repurposed into gunboats protected by cotton bales
DRAFT (CONSCRIPTION) -requirement to join the military

18. The Battle of Galveston
Union Navy blockades the port at Galveston.
Confederate General John B. Magruder plans to recapture it from the Union. Crucial to the confederates to reopen the port for trading. They need MONEY!
Colonel Tom Green was in command of the Cottonclads.
Date: January 1, 1863
Outcome: Confederates win and now control Galveston again and even capture several hundred Union soldiers

19. The Battle of Palmito Ranch
Importance: Considered the LAST land battle of the Civil War
May 1865 Union troops move into Brownsville
Confederate troops who do not want the war to be over attack the Union troops outside Brownsville and capture more than 100 men.
A truce is arranged a few days later, ending the conflict.
Winner: Confederates, BUT they had already lost the war.