1. ASL 2B Crain, Nutter (modified) March 2015
Schools for the Deaf
ASL 2B
Crain, Nutter (modified)
March 2015 1

2. A VERY Brief History
of Deaf Education

4. We in America did not invent:

5. We in America did not invent:
The Manual Alphabet…

6. We in America did not invent:
The Manual Alphabet…
Signing…

7. We in America did not invent:
The Manual Alphabet…
Signing…
Signed Language… or

8. We in America did not invent:
The Manual Alphabet…
Signing…
Signed Language… or
Deaf Education.

9. We in America did not invent:
The Manual Alphabet…
Signing…
Signed Language… or
Deaf Education.
Where did it all begin?

10. Spain

11. 1600’s Spain Juan Pablo Bonet
An advocate of early sign language, to write the first well- known book of manual alphabetic signs for the deaf in 1620.
Was a private tutor to two deaf children from a rich family.
Adopted the manual alphabet used by monks for use in teaching the deaf
No public education for deaf children…only private tutoring for the rich.

12. Germany

13. 1700’s Germany The birth of oral deaf education Samuel Heinicke
In 1755 he opened the first oral school for the deaf in the world in Germany.
Heinicke taught pupils speech by having them feel his throat while he spoke.
His orally based educational techniques became known as "the German Method."

14. England

15. 1700’s England
1777
Thomas Braidwood opened the first school for the deaf in England.
Oral school in the tradition of the “German Method”
Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet traveled to England to learn Braidwood’s methods, but Braidwood refused to allow his methods to leave the country.
So, Gallaudet took the short trip to France, and met Laurent Clerc, the first Deaf teacher of the Deaf.

16. France

17. 1700’s France
Charles Michel De L'Eppe, French priest and the "father of Sign Language and Deaf Education“
Established the first free public school for the deaf in France.
In 1760 he created a standardized system of signs and fingerspelling (from the natural signs of deaf children + signs invented by him)
Established the first free public school for the deaf (1755)
Wrote "The Instruction of Deaf and Mute Persons Using Methodological Signs", first book to advocate the use of natural signs (1776)

18. So... If Thomas Braidwood had been nicer to Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet:
American Sign Language (as we know it) would not exist; and
Gallaudet University would be an oral school.

19. Gallaudet takes Clerc back to America

20. Martha’s Vineyard
Settled by 200 immigrants from Kent County in England
Population carried dominant and recessive genes for deafness.
By the mid-1700's a signed language (before ASL) had developed on the island, used by deaf and hearing islanders alike.
Almost all inhabitants signed, and public meetings were conducted in signed language for all.
Deaf islanders married, had families, worked, voted, held public office and were equal to hearing islanders.
The birth rate for deaf children
Island = 1:155 Some villages as high as 1:4 (25%)

22. 1800’s America First School for the Deaf in America
1817 – The American Asylum for the Deaf and Dumb (now The American School for the Deaf) in Hartford, CT
Deaf children from Martha’s Vineyard went to Hartford to be educated
They brought “island signs” with them and influenced LSF as it evolved into ASL.

23. So…what is ASL? Clerc’s French Sign Language (LSF) Gallaudet’s English+
Gallaudet’s English
Island Signs (from Martha’s Vineyard)
a few generations of standardization =
American Sign Language

25. 1800’s America
Other states wanted to establish schools for the deaf, and asked Laurent Clerc to help them.
1818 New York (Fanwood)
1820 Pennsylvania (Philadelphia)
1823 Kentucky (Danville)
1829 Ohio
1845 Tennessee & North Carolina
Etc…

26. Huh?
Laurent Clerc founded or helped to found the first 5-6 schools for the Deaf in America.
Why is the only university for the Deaf named after Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet?

27. The 1880 Milan Conference
Early schools for the deaf were mainly signing.
Oral schools gained in popularity.
Governments began to argue as to which was better.
A conference was held in Milan, Italy in 1880 and all in attendance voted.
Oralism “won” and American schools for the deaf began to “outlaw” signing.
Signing would not make a comeback until the 1960’s.

28. Gallaudet

29. Gallaudet
1857 Columbia Institution for the Instruction of the Deaf and the Dumb
1864 Columbia Institution allowed to grant college degrees.
1865 College named National Deaf Mute College
1893 Name changes to Gallaudet College
1986 Name changes to Gallaudet University
1988 DPN (Deaf President Now protest)

30. Schools for the Deaf and the Blind
1839 Virginia School for the Deaf and the Blind (BSDB) becomes the first to serve both populations.
Today, some of the largest schools for the deaf are actually schools for the deaf and the blind.
VSDB
FSDB The largest School f/t Deaf in U.S.
MSD/MSB
ASDB

31. Research Project

32. State Schools for the Deaf
Choose one currently-operating State School for the Deaf.
Create a PowerPoint or Prezi including all of the following information: 32

33. History When was the school founded/opened?
Who founded the school…and why?
Was the founder Deaf or hearing?
What is its current formal name? What were its former names? 33

34. Location Where in the state is the school located?
Where is the school in relation to the state capitol and/or largest city?
Is this the only state School for the Deaf in the state? Has this always been the case? 34

35. Language & Communication
Is the school:
Oral? (listening & speaking)
Manual? (signing)
Total Communication? (signing and speaking)
ASL? (not just signing, but ASL)
Has the school always had the same communication philosophy? 35

36. Students How many students currently attend this school?
How many grades does this include? 36

37. Teachers & Administrators
Is the President/ Superintendent Deaf or Hearing?
How many teachers (or what percentage) are Deaf? 37

38. Miscellany What is the school mascot? Colors?
Which sports are available for students?
Is this a residential school (do students sleep at the school), or a day school? 38

39. Trivia Find one superlative to describe this school.
It is the biggest, smallest, oldest, newest, farthest north, most remote, first to do x y z…
Does this school claim any famous Deaf people as alumni? 39

40. Graphics Your presentation must include at least five images:
map showing the location of the state in the US
map showing the location of the school in that state
picture or map of the campus
school logo, symbol, icon, or mascot
picture of students at the school 40

41. Requirements
Answer all questions contained in the “Research Project” - which will be put on my website (

42. Stuck? If you cannot find an answer to one of my questions:
Provide a PowerPoint slide explaining three (3) ways in which you sought the information.

43. Your Presentation
DO NOT consider presenting your findings until you can sign all of the information on your slides. 43

44. Period 6 PSD (Philly) St. Joseph’s (MO) WSD (Vancouver)
HSDB (Honolulu)
NTID (Rochester)
CSD (Fremont)
ISDB (Gooding)
OSD (Salem)
MSD (Great Falls)
CSD (Colorado Springs)
TSD (Austin)
KSD (Danville)
NMSD (Santa Fe)
Cayce ASDB (Tucson)
Land CSD (Riverside)
Baker LSD (Baton Rouge)
Dills Archbishop Ryan (Philly)
Grimes St. Mary’s (Buffalo)
Lint NYSD (White Plains)
Kiseleva SCSD (Spartanburg)
Briley FSDB (St. Augustine)
Phim St. Francis (Brooklyn)
Singleton GSD (Cave Spring)
Smith, E. MSD (Jackson)
Smith, B. TSD (Knoxville)

45. Period 4 Castro OSD (Salem) Haase ASD (Anchorage)
Jasso WSD (Vancouver)
McFadden HSDB (Honolulu)
Geers AIDB (Talladega)
Stigall TSD (Austin)
Jensen ASDB (Tucson)
Hayes Clark (Northampton)
Pickles ASD (Little Rock)
Hernandez CSD (Fremont)
Coates GSD (Cave Spring)
Grendahl CSDB (Colorado Springs)

46. Period 3 Schwartz CSDB (Colorado Springs) Mosbauer HSDB (Honolulu)
Seabridge FSDB (St. Augustine)
Chernyavskiy OSD (Salem)
Clark NTID (Rochester)
Lingle ASD (Little Rock)
Garneau WSPD (Edgewood)
Perez WSD (Vancouver)
Boedigheimer ASDB (Tucson)
Panah ISDB (Gooding)
Ward CSD (Riverside)
Word TSD (Austin)
Lord ASD (Hartford)
Pinard CSD (Fremont)
Lein RMDS (Jefferson City)
Vaughn LSD (Baton Rouge)
Adair NCSD (Morganton)
Kirkland MSAD (Fairbault)
Mendiola ASD (Anchorage)
Comerdinger NMSD (Santa Fe)
Smith Horace Mann
Darrow WSD (Delevan)
Betea KSD (Olathe)
Mekic PSD (Philadelphia)
Bowman OSD (Sulphur)
Phillips WVSD (Romney)
Rowland RISD (Providence)
Barnett CID (St. Louis)

47. Period 1 Keeth WSD Atwell FSDB Iggulden ASD Meech MSD (Fredrick)
Glass ASD (Anchorage)
Green CSDB
Krieve USDB (SLC)
Herbst IESDB (Gooding)
Schmitz NDSD (Devil’s Lake)
Sandberg RISD
Klimenov ASDB (Tucson)
Weisser NY (Fanwood)
Edwards NMSD (Santa Fe)
Strode GSD (Cave Spring)
Ramos OSD (Salem)
Allison ISD (Jax)
Moore HSDB(Honolulu)
Price CSD (Riverside)
Tracy TSD (Austin)
Herrera KSD (Olathe)
Blinsman CSD (Fremont)
Hoisington VSDB (Staunton)
Walker Blossom Montessori (Clearwater, FL)
Runger OSD (Columbus)
Saenz NY (Rome)
Benner St. Mary’s (Buffalo)