1. MING AND QING EMPIRES
MING: 1368 – 1644
QING:

2. Rise of the Ming Ming Dynasty most powerful in China
People paid tribute (money & gifts) to acknowledge their submission, & expected Europeans to do it

3. Hongwu 1st emperor of Ming Restored agricultural lands;
increased rice production
Erased Mongol past
Promoted China’s power/prosperity
Held Confucian moral standards
Later paranoid; became tyrant and conducted purges

4. Voyages of Zheng He Chinese Muslim admiral
Started sailing 1405 before Europeans (7 voyages)
Southeast Asia, India, Arabia, and Eastern Africa
Helped expand China’s tribute system
After 7th voyage, China withdrew into self-sufficient isolation

6. Ming Relations with Foreign Countries
Only government allowed to trade through 3 ports
Demand for Chinese goods skyrocketed (silk, ceramics, etc)
But China did not become industrialized because:
Commerce offended Confucian beliefs
Economic policies favored agriculture  taxes on agric. low & manufacturing high

7. Forbidden City Palace in Beijing
All commoners forbidden to enter without special permission
Business affairs conducted & emperor, family, & his court lived there (9,000 rooms)

8. Great Wall of China
FYI: The Great Wall of China was deteriorating in many areas, so the Ming rebuilt most of it, extending to 8,000 km, or roughly 4, 970 miles (27,190,000 feet)

10. A New Dynasty: The Qing Ming Dynasty weak 
corrupt rulers & bad harvests
Other side of Great Wall is Manchuria, with people known as Manchus
Manchus invaded Ming & took over for next 260 years

11. China Under the Qing At 1st Chinese resisted but Manchus slowly
earned respect
kept local traditions, except hair in queue
Allowed Jesuit missionaries to inform them of latest developments in science, math, & medicine in Europe

12. Manchus Continue Isolation
Chinese think they’re cultural center of world for 2,000 years
If foreigners want to trade, they have to follow their rules (specific ports & pay tribute)
Europeans want silk, porcelain, and especially tea

13. Daily Life in Ming & Qing
Greater rice production led to higher population
Only sons valued; many female infants killed
Most women forced to stay at home to raise children & manage finances
Foot binding