1. Sexually Transmitted Infections “STIs”

2. National Day of Writing
In groups of 4 please give me detailed answers to the following questions.
Should it be made a law that a person w/ an STI, must notify their past and current partners? Why or why not?
Is this an invasion of privacy? Explain
What should the consequences be if you knowingly infect someone? Please be specific.
Out of your group members – How many of you would not stay in a relationship if you knew he or she was a STI carrier?

3. Myths about STIs Most STIs go away on their own
If you have an STD you’ll know it when you see it
Having sex in a hot tub or pool will kill an STI
Birth Control pills prevent some STIs
The medicine prescribed for one kind of STI will cure another STI
You cannot get an STI from oral sex
You can only get an STI when you physically see it

4. Facts Most Common STI  Genital Herpes
1 in every 6 Americans are carriers
16% of US population are infected
80% of this 16% don’t know they are carriers
Females > Males

5. Strands
Bacteria
Virus
Parasite

6. How are they transmitted?
An exchange of body fluids of an infected person (semen or female ejaculatory fluids)
Genital contact, skin/mucous membranes with an infected person
Direct contact w/ open sores
Mother to baby before birth, during, or breast feeding

7. Key
F = females
M = males
I = infants

8. Asymptomatic –showing no signs or symptoms of the disease or infection
Asymptomatic –showing no signs or symptoms of the disease or infection. Epidemic – the large occurrence or display of a disease/infection, more then predicted

9. Bacteria
Most of these STIs can be cured if detected in early stages: 1. Chlamydia 2. Pelvic Inflammatory Disease 3. Gonorrhea 4. Syphilis

10. Chlamydia
Symptoms – often none; (F & M) painful urination, discharge or bleeding from reproductive organs
Treatment – both partners require antibiotics
If Untreated – (F) infertility, pelvic pain, ectopic pregnancy; (M) injure reproductive organs, swollen and tender testicles ; (I) illness, blindness

14. Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)
Inflammation of the upper reproductive tract
Females only!
Symptoms – pain in the pelvic region, vaginal discharge, long painful menstruation, spotting, fever, painful urination, nausea
Treatment – antibiotics, but this will not repair scar tissue
If untreated – damage to fallopian tubes or uterus, making conception difficult, ectopic pregnancy, or chronic pelvic pain

17. 3. Gonorrhea Infects the mucous membranes Known as “The Clap”
Symptoms – often none; (F) painful urination, vaginal discharge or bleeding, pain in the abdomen or pelvic region (M) painful urination or discharge from the penis
Treatment – antibiotics, although this is very difficult to treat
If Untreated – (F) PID (M) scarring of the urethra with makes urination difficult and painful, swelling of the testicles, infertility (I) blindness, joint infection, life-threatening blood infections

23. Syphilis
Symptoms – Occur in phases – Phase I: painless ulcer or chancres. Phase II: fever, rash, swollen lymph nodes, joint pain, muscle aches. Phase III: heart and nervous system damage, blindness and loss of mental abilities, death
Treatment – antibiotics or shot  can only be cured if caught in early stages
If Untreated – (F & M) mental and physical disabilities, premature death (I) premature birth, severe mental disabilities, deafness, death

36. the outbreaks, these viruses will always
Viral
The following STIs will live with you FOREVER! Although there are treatments to lessen
the outbreaks, these viruses will always
be in your body.
Human Papilloma Virus
Herpes
Hepatitis
HIV/AIDs

37. Human Papilloma Virus – HPV
Symptoms – often none (F & M) genital and anal warts (white raised bumps resembling cauliflower), (F) abnormal Pap Smear (a screening for cervical cancer)
Treatment – NO CURE – warts can be treated by surgical removal (freezing or electrolysis) but will often return
HPV Vaccine - developed to prevent cervical cancer and genital warts
Given in 3 rounds
If Untreated – (F) higher risk for developing cervical cancer  11,000 a year and approximately 3,600 will die from this disease
(M) higher risk of developing genital cancers

42. Herpes Multiple simplexes (strands)
Symptoms – (HSV1) cold sores, fever blisters around the mouth (HSV2) very mild symptoms or none, red bumps, blisters, recurrent sores on or around the genitals, fever with first infection, swollen lymph nodes
Treatment – NO CURE – antiviral meds can shorten outbreaks and frequency
If Untreated – (F & M) remain infected for life (I) infections of the liver, brain, skin, eyes, mouth, and death

48. 3. Hepatitis Multiple simplexes (strands)
B & C are transmitted sexually
A & D are transmitted through the exchange of blood
Symptoms – (F & M) yellowing of the skin, eyes, tiredness, muscle aches, fever, loss of appetite, darkening of the urine
Treatment – NO CURE for B & C, option is a liver transplant
If Untreated – (F & M) liver damage, liver failure, liver cancer, premature death

49. Hepatitis A
Hepatitis A is highly contagious and can spread from person to person in many different settings. It typically causes only a mild illness, and many people who are infected may never realize they are sick at all. The virus almost always goes away on its own and does not cause long-term liver damage.

50. Hepatitis A: How is it spread?
Hepatitis A usually spreads through contaminated food or water. Food can be tainted when it's touched by an infected person who did not wash his hands after using the bathroom. This transfers tiny amounts of infected stool to the food. Raw shellfish, fruits, vegetables, and undercooked foods are common culprits in hepatitis A outbreaks. The virus can also spread in daycare centers if employees aren't careful about washing hands after changing diapers.

51. Treatment: Hepatitis A
Hepatitis A almost always goes away on its own, and no medication is needed. If nausea is a problem, try eating several small meals throughout the day instead of three large ones. Drink water, juice, or sports drinks to stay hydrated. And avoid strenuous exercise until you're feeling better.

52. Hepatitis B
Many adults who get hepatitis B have mild symptoms for a short time and then get better on their own. But some people are not able to clear the hepatitis B virus from the body, which causes a long-term infection. Nearly 90% of infants who get the virus will carry it with them for life. Over time, chronic hepatitis B can lead to serious problems such as liver damage, liver failure, and liver cancer.

53. Hepatitis B: How is it spread?
You can get hepatitis B through contact with the blood or body fluids of an infected person. In the U.S., hepatitis B is most often spread through unprotected sex. It's also possible to get hepatitis B by sharing an infected person's needles, razors, or toothbrush. And an infected mother can pass the virus to her baby during childbirth. Hepatitis B is not spread by hugging, sharing food, or coughing.

54. Treatment: Hepatitis B
The goal of treating chronic hepatitis B is to control the virus and keep it from damaging the liver. This begins with regular monitoring for signs of liver disease. Antiviral medications may help, but not everyone can take them or needs to be on medication. Be sure to discuss the risks and benefits of antiviral therapy with your doctor.

55. Hepatitis C
About 25% of people who get hepatitis C defeat the virus after an acute infection. The rest will carry the virus in their body for the long term. Chronic hepatitis C can cause very serious complications, including liver failure and liver cancer. Fortunately, there are ways to manage the virus and reduce its impact on the liver.

56. Hepatitis C: How does it spread?
Hepatitis C spreads through infected blood. In the U.S., sharing needles or "works" to inject drugs is the most common cause of infection. Getting a tattoo or body piercing with an infected needle is another means of exposure. A mother may pass the virus to her child at birth. In rare cases, unprotected sex spreads hepatitis C, but the risk appears small. Having multiple sex partners, HIV, or rough sex seems to increase risk for spreading hepatitis C.

57. Treatment: Hepatitis C
The most common treatment for chronic hepatitis C is a combination of antiviral medications called interferon and ribavirin. Interferon is given as a shot and ribavirin is a pill. Studies suggest this combination can cure or control hepatitis C in about half of patients. But it can cause serious side effects. In addition, not everyone needs treatment. Your doctor will explain your options based on how active the virus is.

60. HIV Primarily infects cells of the immune system and causes AIDS
Develops in stages
Symptoms – (F & M) Phase I – initial exposure to 10yrs or more; fatigue, weight loss, fever, diarrhea. Phase II – Phase I symptoms and swollen lymph nodes, forgetfulness, difficulty thinking. Phase III – weakened immune system, weight loss
Treatment – NO CURE – a combination of drugs can delay the start of serious symptoms
If Untreated – malnutrition, loss of mobility, pneumonia, tuberculosis, cancer, premature death

61. Kaposi's Sarcoma tumor: Kaposi's Sarcoma is a type of cancer
Kaposi's Sarcoma tumor: Kaposi's Sarcoma is a type of cancer. It most commonly appears on the skin but it may also affect internal organs, particularly the lymph nodes, the mouth, the lungs, the stomach and the bowel. The symptoms that show up are nodules or blotches, ranging in color from brown or brown-red to reddish purple.

63. Small mites that can easily be spread:
Parasites
Small mites that can easily be spread:
Pubic Lice
Scabies
Trichomoniasis

64. Pubic Lice Also known as “Crabs” Strand of lice found in pubic hair
Symptoms – intense itching in the pubic area, appearance of rust color dots in the skin
Treatment – medication to kill lice. Infected individuals must wash clothes and linens in hot water to kill eggs
If Untreated – skin damage and blue spotting by the hair follicle from bites

67. Scabies Tiny mites that burrow into the skin
Spread through skin to skin contact
Symptoms – intense itching in the infected area, wavy lines will develop in skin from borrowing
Treatment – medication to kill mites. Infected individuals must wash clothes and linens to kill eggs
If Untreated – skin damage

71. Trichomoniasis Also known as “Trick” Protozoan; single celled
Symptoms – (F) itching in genital area, discharge from the vagina, painful urination (M) usually NONE
Treatment – cured with a prescribed medicine
If Untreated – (F) bladder and urethral infection (M) inflamed urethra (I) premature

72. You may be at high risk if…
You have had more than 1 sex partner in your life
You know or suspect your partner has had sex with other partners
You have had oral, vaginal, or anal sex without using barrier methods of protection
You have shared IV drug needles or have had sex with someone that has
You have had a STI in the past

73. Being Responsible Finish FULL COURSE of medicine Follow up testing
Seek help right away
Finish FULL COURSE of medicine
Follow up testing
Avoid ALL sexual activity while being treated
Notify ALL sexual partners

74. Wednesday – Nov. 6
Have on your desk your STI charts and something to write with
Also if you have your class syllabus – I will collect it today and Monday for extra credit. It my physically be put in my hand for it to be counted for extra credit.
Last day MONDAY!! Post Assessment – Bring all of your notes for this class!!