1. Early Middle Ages vs. High Middle Ages Use the following word bank to complete the graphic organizer:
Catholic Church
Serfs
Manors
Cities
Monarchs
Spices
Algebra
Feudal Lords
Violence
Roman Empire
Feudalism
Muslims
Crusades
King
Feudal Lords
Violence
Roman Empire
Feudalism
Muslims
Crusades
King

2. 100 Year’s War England v. France
Task #1 – Complete the notes we started on Friday – Decline of Feudalism
100 Year’s War
England v. France

3. Decline of Feudalism—100 Years War
Beginning in 1337, England invaded France to take over lands that belonged to William the Conqueror (a Frenchman who ruled England in 1066)
Began 116 years of turmoil
But there were major effects of 100 Years War:

4. New Weapons
Longbow—6-foot bows that could fire length of 3 football fields (replaced feudal fighting technique of using exclusively knights on horseback)
Cannons—used Chinese technology of gunpowder to shoot 20-inch stone balls (replaced feudal practice of relying on castles for protection)

6. Nationalism
People looked at the King as a national leader fighting for the glory of the nation-state
English people were proud when England defeated France in battle; French people were proud when France defeated England in battle
England
France

7. Joan of Arc
England & France traded victories for 92 years, but in 1429 a young girl named Joan of Arc had a vision that she could lead France to victory
Under her leadership, France defeated England
BUT, Joan was captured & condemned to die by fire; Joan of Arc is considered a French hero & religious saint

9. The Hundred Years War
VS.
England
France

13. Decline of Feudalism and the Rise of Nations in England & France
Middle Ages
Decline of Feudalism and the Rise of Nations in England & France

14. Rise of Nations
After decline of Rome, Western Europe fell under rule of many different groups of people
Fighting occurred almost constantly among these groups
Feudalism emerged as a form of government that offered protection

15. Rise of Nations
Except for Charlemagne, kings had very little power because their lands & power was transferred to the nobles
BUT, in 1100s European monarchs (kings) began to build strong nation-states
Nation-state is group of people under 1 government, with definite territorial borders, common culture & language

16. Strong Monarchies England & France were Europe’s 1st nation-states
The role of the monarchy (king) grew stronger in England & France in the 1300s
The growth of nations led to the beginning of Nationalism (loyalty to a nation-state rather than feudal lord)

17. England
After the collapse of the Roman Empire, England was dominated by 2 Germanic tribes: Angles & Saxons; groups combined in & kingdom became known as England (“Angleland”)

18. England
Norman Invasion—William, Duke of Normandy invaded England in 1066 & became a very powerful king of England (became known as William the Conqueror)

19. England
William’s grandson, Henry II, set up system of common law—using judges & courts to make sure law is obeyed
Grand Juries— examined crimes
Petit Juries—decided guilt or innocence of suspects

20. England
Henry II’s son, John, was weak & unpopular king who upset feudal lords; forced him to sign Magna Carta in 1215
1st document to limit the power of a king (king could not collect taxes without approval of a Great Council of nobles)

21. England
As middle class began to grow, they wanted representation in Great Council; 1295, king allowed middle class to join—became known as Parliament
Parliament limited king by advising him on government decisions

22. Stronger Monarchies—War of the Roses
In 1455, England had a civil war as 2 royal families claimed the throne: Lancaster (red rose) & York (white)
Henry Tudor was related to both families & ended the civil war—Henry was then named king

23. Stronger Monarchies—War of the Roses
Effects:
Many nobles died or fled during war, which strengthened monarchy & further reduced feudalism

24. France
KEY IDEA: Instead of creating a nation-state with strong king then limiting power of king like England, France creates a nation-state with strong king who got stronger

25. France
After Charlemagne died, Frankish kings were very weak; nobles in France ruled as if there was no king
In 987 Hugh Capet took French throne from a weak king; strengthened French monarchy
Freed peasants from feudal lords; people became loyal to king not lords

26. France
Created Estates-General—group of nobles, church members, peasants to help raise taxes
But, Estates-General never became as powerful in France as Parliament was in England…so…
The French king grew more powerful than the English king (who was limited by Parliament)

27. First Estate—Clergy (Priests) Third Estate—Commoners
Second Estate—Nobles
Third Estate—Commoners

28. Complete Strengthening Monarchies Use the following word bank to complete the sentences provided:
Hugh Capet
Parliament
Crusades
William
War of the Roses
100 Years War
Limited
Magna Carta
Black Death
Monarch

29. Middle Ages: Rise of Spain as a Nation

30. Spain The Islamic Empire controlled most of Spain since 750
BUT, Christians began to retake Spain around time of Crusades (quest known as Reconquista)
By late 1400s, the Reconquista was successful; Spain was ruled by exclusively by Christian kings
But Spain was divided into feudal territories—it was not unified

32. Islamic (Muslim) Territory

33. Islamic Territory

35. Spain
Spain was united when Isabella of Castile married Ferdinand of Aragon in 1469
Began Spanish Inquisition—used trials, torture, imprisonment to rid Spain of all Jews & Muslims (“one king, one law, one faith”)

39. Middle Ages: Rise of Russia as a Nation

40. Byzantines Influence Slavs
Slavs—nomads migrated from Europe to Asia; warred with Byzantines
Because of contact, Slavs began to convert to Christianity & adopted many Byzantine customs
Cyril developed alphabet so they could read Bible—Cyrillic Alphabet
Russian king was impressed with Hagia Sophia, developed Russia like Constantinople, not Rome

41. SLAVS
BYZANTINES

42. Russia
During 1200s, the Mongols invaded & ruled over all of Russia (& Asia and China, too!)
But, in 1480 Ivan III refused to pay the Mongols tribute (taxes) & broke Russia free from Mongol control
Ivan III became czar (Slavic word for king) & made Moscow capital of new empire

44. Russia
Under Ivan IV, the power of feudal lords was weakened & Russia conquered more land from Mongols; Ivan IV married Anastasia Romanov (Romanov family will be important later!!)
But, Ivan IV ruled by terror, murdered thousands of Russians, even his own son (Was Ivan IV insane?)