1. Enhancing African Agricultural Transformation Without GBV through a
Public and Political Will Framework
Lori Post, PhD
Yale University
July 28, 2015

2. Overview Defining Public and Political Will
Toolkit for Public and Political Will
Examples of mobilizing the Public and Political Will Framework to enhance agricultural transformation in Africa.

3. Definitions Political Will (Post et al. 2010)
Public Will (Raile et al. 2014)
A sufficient set of decision makers
A social system’s
With a common understanding of a particular problem on the formal agenda
Shared recognition of a particular problem
Is committed to supporting
And resolve to address the situation
A commonly perceived, potentially effective policy solution
In a particular way through sustained collective action

4. Political Elites Exist at an institutional level State or Province
National

5. Publics There are multiple publics.
Example many publics working on gun control that are not unified an ineffective.

6. Toolkit for Developing Public & Political Will
Task 1: Identify key political actors and public stakeholders in issue area Task 2: Determine existing problem and solution definitions Task 3: Align problem and solution definitions, as necessary Task 4: Build firm commitments and mutual accountability Task 5: Evaluate progress in tasks 1-4 and adjust as necessary

7. Exploitation & Abuse Women & Agriculture
805 Million people hungry.
Women farmers produce more than half of the world’s food.
With equal access to agricultural resources and land tenure, 150 million more people could be fed.
Deprived of land ownership.
Fewer animals
No control of agricultural output.
Less Education.
Fewer seeds, fertilizers, pesticides, tools, loans.
Less fertile plots,
805 million people are dealing with hunger in the world. Women produce more than half the food, yet women farmers are often deprived of such basic rights as land ownership, which keeps them from producing to their full potential. The situation is so uneven, in fact, that if male and female farmers had equal access to resources, food output would increase to pull 150 million people out of hunger. Women own fewer working animals and don’t control income or agricultural outputs. They have less education and are less likely than male farmers to own modern advancements such as seeds, fertilizers, pest control measures, and mechanical tools. Their plots of land are less fertile than male plots and women are less likely to secure loans. We cannot begin to increase food security until we address the gendered nature of agriculture. The global community needs to consider financial exploitation as gender based violence and we need to stop thinking about individual acts of violence and focus on patterns of behavior that are ongoing, systematic and cumulative in effects. GBV goes beyond the physical, sexual, and psychological abuse to include the deprivation of a woman's freedom in her personal, social, economic and political life.

9. Application PPW Toolkit Economy that Works
Task 1:  Identify key public stakeholders in issue area
Task 2:  Determine existing problem and solution definitions
Task 1: UN Women’s Flagship; Women’s Cooperatives, etc Task 2: Women’s Economic and Social Rights

11. If the Economy Worked for Women
Equal access to opportunities and resources – a good job with equal pay, or access to land – and social protection, which together would provide income to support a decent standard of living, from birth to older age.
Life choices would be unconstrained by gender stereotypes, stigma and violence; the paid and unpaid work that women do would be respected and valued; and women would be able to live their lives free from violence and sexual harassment.
Equal say in economic decision-making: from having a voice in how time and money are spent in their households; to the ways in which resources are raised and allocated in their national economies; to the broader economic policies set by global institutions.

12. Task 3: Align problem and solution definitions, as necessary
Create more and better jobs for women.
Reduce Occupational and Gender Pay Gaps
Strengthen women’s income security throughout the life cycle
Recognize, reduce, redistribute unpaid care and domestic work
Invest in gender responsive social services
Maximize resources for the achievement of substantive equality.

13. Task 4: Build firm commitments and mutual accountability
Support women’s organizations to claim rights and shape policy agenda levels at all levels
Create an enabling global environment for the realization of women’s rights.
Use human rights standards to shape policies and catalyze change. (Note: it is easy to see foot binding as a human rights violation but land tenure is a harder sell and more of a human rights violation)

14. Task 5: Evaluate progress and adjust
Generate evidence to assess progress in women’s economic and social rights.

15. Lori Post Lori.Post@yale.edu 203-980-7107
THANK YOU
Lori Post