1. Serbian Ethnic Cleansing of Muslims in Bosnia and the Warsaw PactBy
Anthony Cattoni and John Moedt

2. Serbian Ethnic Cleansing of Muslims in Bosnia

3. Who? This cleansing is part of a larger genocide that took place during the Bosnian War. This genocide took place against Bosniaks (Bosnian Muslims), Serbs, and Croats.
When? This genocide took place from This is when Bosnian Serbs (officials) openly fought the Bosniaks, Serbs, and Croats. This resulted in an ethnic cleansing, murder, rape and the Srebrenica Massacre. The world took notice of this event in 1995 when a ceasefire was taken.
Where? Most of the genocide and fighting took place in Bosnia and Herzegovina, then the Yugoslavian Army, NATO, and the United States became involved to stop the genocide.

4. What?
In 1992, Bosnia declared independence from Yugoslavia. This event sparked an ethnic cleansing; where Bosnian residents pushed out Bosniaks and other ethnic groups.
The Yugoslav armies came through to ‘protect Serb populations’ in this area, but actually came through to commence a silent genocide of different ethnic groups.
The primary interests of the Yugoslav were to push out those who had religious beliefs and those who opposed the independence of their nation.

5. The Orthodox Bosnians used genocide to remove resistance for the independance of these nations. The independence for Bosnian Serbs meant a potential for a nation completely made of Orthodox Catholics; so this lead to a ethnic cleansing in Bosnia. Those who claimed the Muslim religion were either murdered and brought to a mass grave, or they were kicked out of the country entirely.
Why?

6. The Bosnian Serbs and the Bosniaks used different methods of attack
The Bosnian Serbs and the Bosniaks used different methods of attack. Sometimes it was terrorist attacks on populated areas of the opposite religion. Sometimes one group would go to a city under the radar, kill many people, hide them, and do this without drawing any major attention.
The European Community (later surpassed by EU) tried to negotiate for both sides of the dispute, but the fighting continued regardless. Bosnian Serbs first attacked the Bosniaks, and from that point on they fought. The UN did not step in, until later on when humanitarian aid was sent.
In 1995, the US and the UN stepped in for their peacemaking mission. This mission was successful, and on April 25th, 1995 the first criminal was charged of war crimes against humanity.
These abuses could have been easily prevented if the United Nations stepped in sooner to make peace between the two religious groups.
How?

7. Bosnian Genocide Links
Primary Sources:
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8. “Warsaw Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation, and Mutual Assistance”
Warsaw Pact
“Warsaw Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation, and Mutual Assistance”

9. Who? The countries that were involved were: the Soviet Union, Albania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Hungary, Poland, and Romania (all of which are communist states — satellites of the Soviet Union)
Who?

10. When? It was created on May 14th, 1955 (nine days after West Germany became a member of NATO) and lasted until July 1st, 1991, when many non-communist governments were elected within the Bloc (member states of Warsaw Pact), and military alliance was dissolved.
Where? This treaty affected those in the countries who signed the Warsaw Pact. This pact also affected those in the Western world (those who are a part of NATO), as this pact gave the Soviet Union more land and power — threatening a possible war with Western powers.
When and Where
The Warsaw Pact conference
May 11th, 1955
Warsaw, Poland.

11. What?
The primary purpose of the treaty, was to provide unified military command, and to put Soviet troops in the states that agreed to the Warsaw pact. It was a mutual defense organization — and the Soviets were in charge of the military in the member states. It stated that if any member was attacked, all member states would come to their defense. The Warsaw Pact was the Soviet Union’s response to NATO’s decision to allow West Germany into NATO, and letting her remilitarize — threatening the Soviets with the possibility of a new war. The primary interest was to allow all member states to defend themselves against a possible war. The Soviet’s also wanted to strengthen their hold over their satellite states with this pact.

12. The Warsaw Pact was created in response to West Germany joining NATO
The Warsaw Pact was created in response to West Germany joining NATO. Western countries allowed West Germany to rebuild a small military under tight restrictions. Since the end of World War II, the Soviets feared Germany becoming another world power; so they created the Warsaw Pact to defend itself against any possible attack.
The Warsaw Pact fell apart in 1991, due to the rise of non-communist governments within the Bloc nations. By the end of 1990, the six states that were left, reduced their tanks and artillery pieces, and distributed them between themselves. The pact “no longer corresponds to the international situation existing in that part of Europe.” (-Foreign Minister Kresztos Skubiszewski of Poland)
Why?

13. The states that joined the Warsaw Pact, needed extra protection from the Soviet Union; in the case of a possible war with the West. Fearing war, when West Germany joined NATO, this pact ensured safety and security for all member countries. This pact, also gave the Soviet Union increasing power over her satellite states.
The reason for why most countries did not join the Warsaw Pact, was because they did not have a communist government, like the Soviet Union. All the countries that joined were satellite states of the Soviet Union, and were heavily influenced to join. Albania was expelled in 1962, because they believed that the Soviet Union was straying too far from Marxist orthodoxy. In 1990, East Germany left to reunite with West Germany — becoming a unified Germany, and joined NATO.
Why? (Cont’d)

14. The other countries — as in those in NATO — did not respond to the Warsaw Pact, as the pact was a response to them allowing West Germany into NATO. However, NATO did believe that the Warsaw Pact’s “objective [was] the destruction of NATO’s military forces and the occupation of Western Europe”.
The Warsaw Pact used its military only twice. They invaded Hungary in 1956 to disrupt the Hungarian people’s desire to “westernize” their country. The military forced Hungary to remain under Soviet control. In 1968, Czechoslovakia was invaded, as they were interested in leaving the Eastern Bloc, but they were forced to return to Soviet control.
How?

15. The Warsaw Pact was effective, while it was active, as it allowed the Soviet Union to keep their power over all Bloc states. It also kept all states aligned during the Cold War. However, governments in the 1990s lost interest in the pact. It was not effective in keeping Soviet values alive, by the 1990s. By June 1990, Warsaw members agreed that the West was no longer their “ideological enemy”. They wanted to “transform the pact into a democratic alliance to better stabilize Europe.” This is opposite of the purpose of the pact — to defend themselves against the West. This anti-Western belief did not hold into the 1990s, so this pact was not effective in keeping the view of the Soviet Union.
How?
(Cont’d)

16. Warsaw Links https://www.britannica.com/event/Warsaw-Pact
Primary Sources: