1. Chapter 3 The English Colonies
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2. Section 1: The Virginia Colony
Analyze reasons that people in England were interested in founding or joining a colony in America.
Explain how the Jamestown colonists depended on American Indians, and how that relationship changed.
Determine which crop was Virginia’s most important and who produced it.

3. A. Jamestown Sir Walter Raleigh’s failure set colonization back
However, changing conditions in England pushed them to try again
Rising population
High unemployment
Farming enclosure

4. Jamestown cont.
April 26, Virginia Company landed 105 male colonist
Chesapeake Bay
Colonist ill-prepared- not workers or farmers
By first winter, 2/3 dead
John Smith largely responsible for survival
”If you don’t work, you don’t eat”

5. Starving Time Powhatan Confederacy- alliance of Natives newby.
At times helped the colonist
Relationship was strained
John Smith was injured in 1609, left for England
400 more settler came
By summer of only 60 left

6. B. Tobacco John Rolfe- cultivated tobacco, very popular in England
Finally made the colony profitable
John Rolfe later married Pocahontas
Between 1620 and 1644 Colonist and Natives would fight off and on
Natives led by leader Opechancanough
Led to destruction of area natives
Also led to Virginia becoming a royal colony

7. D. Tobacco Culture
Wealthy colonist gained large tracts of lands with the headright system
Established large farms- needed workers
Indentured servants
1619- Slaves

8. E. Bacon’s Rebellion House of Burgesses- Virginia electoral assebly
Nathaniel Bacon- unhappy settler led a riot that burned down Jamestown
Revolt died out after Bacon died from Fever

9. Section 2: The Pilgrims Experience
OBJECTIVES
• Explain why the Pilgrims wanted to leave England.
• Describe the Mayflower Compact and why it was important.
• Discuss life in Plymouth.

10. A. Puritans and Pilgrims
Puritans: Protestant group that wanted to “purify” the Church of England- kept too many Catholic traditions
Sects:
Separatists
Pilgrims- left England to escape persecution
1607 went to Netherlands

11. B. Plymouth Pilgrims unhappy in the Netherlands
1620: more than 100 passengers leave on Mayflower
Leader: William Bradford
Supposed to land in Virginia, instead far north in Massachusetts
Created the Mayflower Compact before landing
Would all follow just and equal laws
Nearly half died in first winter

12. C. Samoset and Squanto Samoset introduced Pilgrims to Squanto
Squanto was fluent in English: How?
Squanto taught Pilgrims how to farm and fertilize soil
To celebrate first harvest, William Bradford invited chief Massasoit and 90 other Wampanoag guest to first Thanksgiving

13. D. The Pilgrim Community
Traded with natives
In 20 years, bought land from Plymouth colony investors
Families were important, unlike Virginia colony
Women had more legal rights than women in England

14. Section 3: The New England Colonies
OBJECTIVES
Analyze reasons that people in England were interested in founding or joining a colony in America.
Explain how the Jamestown colonists depended on American Indians, and how that relationship changed.
Determine which crop was Virginia’s most important and who produced it.

15. A. The Great Migration Conditions in England not great
1620’s-1630’s- bad economy and high taxes
Civil War breaks out between Oliver Cromwell and King Charles I
Great Migration: 80,000 Englishmen go to New World
Dissenters

16. B. Massachusetts Bay Colony
Massachusetts Bay Company granted charter in 1629 by King
John Winthrop- Governor- believed in Covenant
Arrive 1630
Success- worked well with already established Plymouth
Boston became capital
1680- New Hampshire become royal colony

17. C. New England Way Tradition of Self government Town hall meetings
Church and Puritan lifestyle important
Economy- most people middle class
Focused on growing food- not tobacco
Family very important
1647- passed law requiring parents to educate children
Stressed reading and writing
Harvard

18. D. Dissent
Thomas Hooker founded Connecticut- created Fundamental Orders of Connecticut- allowed more people to vote
Roger Williams- also left Massachusetts founded Rhode Island
Disagreed with how natives were treated
Anne Hutchinson- criticized the church- said women should have more rights- banished
Also left for Rhode Island

19. E. Salem Witch Trials
1690’s
Colonist brought witchcraft beliefs with them
Salem, MA
100 people accused
19 put to death

20. Section 4: Southern and Middle Colonies
OBJECTIVES
Analyze reasons that people in England were interested in founding or joining a colony in America.
Explain how the Jamestown colonists depended on American Indians, and how that relationship changed.
Determine which crop was Virginia’s most important and who produced it.

21. A. Maryland George Calvert- first Lord Baltimore
Established Maryland for Catholics – 1632
Proprietor colony- owners controlled the govt
Toleration Act of allowed freedom of worship for Christians in Maryland

22. B. The Carolinas Charles II gave land to supporters
Eventually, Carolinas split officially in 1729
Most important port- Charles Town- Charleston
Rice was staple crop- imported thousands of Africans to grow

23. C. New York and New Jersey
General Peter Stuyvesant in control of New Netherland
Englishman Duke of York: forced Stuyvesant to surrender the colony without firing a shot
Became English colony
New Jersey later broke off of New York to become own colony

24. D. Pennsylvania Quakers- another protestant sect, founded Pennsylvania
Believed in equality for all before God
Colony founded by William Penn
Religious freedom for all
Capital became Philadelphia- city of brotherly love
Delaware eventually broke off of Pennsylvania in 1776

25. E. Georgia Charter granted to James Oglethorpe in 1732
Established for poor Englishmen to work off their debts
Savannah most important city
Oglethorpe outlawed slavery- didn’t last
Eventually developed a plantation economy with thousands of slaves