1. Green Plants And Chordates.
Classification of Living Organisms
Plant Kingdom – Metaphyta (Plantae)
Animal Kingdom – Metazoa (Animalia)

2. Classification Of Metaphyta (Plantae)
Non-Vascular Plants (Xylem & Phloem Absent)
1) Multicellular Algae –
Red Algae
Green Algae
Brown Algae
2) Bryophytes

3. Green Algae – Spirogyra , Ulothrix.

4. Examples Of Algae Red Algae – Batrachospermum ,Polysiphonia

5. fucus

6. Dictyote- Algae

7. Sargassum

8. Padina

9. Cutleria - Algae
c12

10. Vascular Plants (Xylem & Phloem present)
Pteridophytes.
.Gymnosperms
.Angiosperms

11. Multicellular Algae Charterstics- The plant body is called “Thallus”.
Cells are eukaryotic with prominent nucleus.
Cell wall is made of cellulose & Pectin.
Chlorophyll is maximum in green algae.
In red algae chlorophyll & Phycoerythrin present
In Brown algae chlorophyll & Xanthophyll.
Reproduction – Vegetative, Asexual ,Sexual methods.

12. Uses of Algae Major producer’s in marine eco-system.
Manufacture of cattle feed.
Algin (brown algae) used in ice creams & chocolates.
Agar(gelidium-red algae)-culturing bacteria in Lab.
Porphyra(red algae) used as condiment.
Algae purify water.
Laminaria(red algae) used in production of Potassium & Iodine.

13. Bryophyta- Amphibians of the plant
Chareterstics-
Thallus is present
Reproduce sexually
Life cycle includes- (a)Gametophyte( haploid
(b)Sporophyte (diploid)
The process of gametophyte & sporophyte formed alternately is called “Alternation of generations”.
Examples-Liverworts & Mosses

14. MARCHANTIA
RICCIA

15. Mosses - Polytrichum

16. Funaria - Mosses

17. Lejunea - Mosses

18. Pellia - Mosses

19. Life cycle Of Mosses

20. Economic Importance-Bryophyta
Mosses are used in packing flowers.
Used in pots for moisture retention.
Some mosses form a dense mat on the soil,they check erosion.
Bryophytes helps in soil formation.

21. Characteristics Pteridophytes
Grow in moist soil, damp walls & cool shady places.
Body shows distinct root,stem, & leaves.
Life cycle includes (1)Gametophyte.
(2)Sporophyte.

22. Economic importance - Pteridophytes
Ferns are grown for their ornamental value.
Leaves are used in making flower bouget.
Some ferns are of medicinal importance.
Some ferns are involved in formation of fossil fuels like coal & petroleum.

23. Gymnosperms-Naked seed plants
Grow in and on mountain tops at low temperature.
It produces prominent structures called “CONES”-Female & Male Cones.
Male Cones produce male gamets(microspores).
Female cones produce ovule.
The fusion product is zygote, becomes the Seed,no fruit.
Examples- Cycas & Pinus.

24. Cycas –Male & Female Cones

25. Pinus

26. Angiosperms Seeds are enclosed in structures called “Fruit”.
Plant shows distinct root,stem & leaves.
Flower is the reproductive part of a plant.
Flowers in a cluster called “Inflorescence”.
Angiosperms are distinguished into “Monocots” & “Dicots”.

27. Monocots & Dicots

29. Differences –Monocot & Dicot Plants
Seeds contain two Cotyledons.
During germination cotyledons come above the soil.
Plants have Tap root system.
Leaves have reticulate venation.
Petals are in multiples of 4 or 5.
Seeds contain only one Cotyledon. During germination cotyledons remain below the soil. Plants have fibrous root system, Leaves have parallel venation. Petals are in multiples of 3.

30. Structure Of Flower

31. Phylum- Chordata VERTEBRATES
Body divisible into Head,Trunk, & Tail regions.
Digestive system consisting of mouth,buccal cavity,pharynx, oesophagus, stomach & intestine.
A closed type of circulatory system, with muscular heart is present.
Nervous system shows a well developed Brain,Spinal cord & Nerves.
All Vertebrates are unisexual & exhibit only sexual reproduction.

32. Classification of Vertebrates
1 Class Pisces 2 Class Amphibia 3 Class Reptilia 4 Class Aves 5 Class Mammalia

33. Class Pisces- Characteristic features
The streamlined body is divisible into head, trunk, & short tail. Body has an exoskeleton composed of dermal scales. Locomotor structures are paired & unpaired gills.Gill-slits are covered by Operculum. Heart is two chambered. Nervous system has abrain, a spinal cord, & 10 pairs of cranial nerves. They are Oviparous(egg laying) animals.

34. External Features Of Fish

35. Bony fishes

36. Boney Fishes

37. Cartilaginous Fishes

38. Economic Importance of Fishes
Fishes form a favourite human food in many countries,Rearing of fishes for this purpose called Pisciculture.
Oil obtained from liver of Fish,sharks & cods is rich in Vit-A & D.
The dried skin of Sharks is used in making polishes.
Fishes like Gambusia are used in the biological control of mosquitoes.

39. Class- Amphibia The Body is divisible into head, trunk, & tail.
There is no exoskeleton ,skin is smooth & moist.
Locomotor structures are a pair of Forelimbs & a pair of Hindlimbs.
Respiratory organs are gills in the Larva & a pair of lungs in adult.Skin also helps in respiration.
Heart is 3 chambered , 2 auricles & one ventricle.
Nervous system has a Brain, a Spinal cord, & 10pairs of cranial nerves.

40. Class- Amphibia
They are Oviparous. Fertilization & Development are both external , it includes Metamorphosis.
Examples – Frog, Toad, Newt, Ichthyophis, Tiger salamander.

41. Examples -Amphibia

42. Reptiles-examples Chelones - Turtles and Tortise

43. Lizards-House lizards, Chameleon, Calottes, Varanes, Dralo
Lizards-House lizards, Chameleon, Calottes, Varanes, Dralo. Snakes- Viper, Cobra, Sea snake, Krait, Dryoplis, Python. Crocodiles and Alligators.

44. Class - Reptiles
The body is elongated, divisible into Head, Trunk, & Tail.
The exoskeleton is in the form of Epidermal scales, Forming distinct plates.
Locomotor structures are a pair of Forelimbs, & a pair of Hindlimbs,containing 5 digits each.
Respiratory Organs are a pair of Lungs.
Heart is 3 chambered.only in Crocodiles Ventricle is incompletely divided into 2 chambers.
Nervous system has a brain, a spinal cord and 12 pairs of cranial nerves.
They are oviparous. Fertilization is internal but development is external.

45. Class Aves
The body is streamlined, boat shaped, divisible into head, trunk and tail.
The exoskeleton consists of feather, which provide protection, maintain body temperature help in flight.
Locomotor structure are pentadactyl forelimbs and hindlimbs. Forelimbs are modified into wings.
Respiratory organs are a pair of lungs.
Heart is 4 chambered with 2 articles and 2 ventricles.
Brain is well developed 12 pairs of cranial nerves.
They are Oviparous.
Examples- Flying and Flightless Birds.

46. Flying Birds

47. Flightless Birds

48. Class - Mammalia Body is divisible into Head,Trunk, & Tail.
The exo-skeleton is made up of Hairs.
Locomotor organs are typical Pentadactyl.
Respiratory organs are a pair of Lungs.
Heart is 4 chambered.
RBC are Enucleate.
Brain is well developed, 12 pairs of Cranial nerves
They are generally Viviparous.
Mammary glands are present.

49. Mammals

51. THANK YOU
By, Prasanna.k.h