1. China
Day 1: Ming Dynasty

2. Essential Questions
1. In what ways did the Ming Ding dynasty make China more stable?
2. What was the primary role of Zheng He for the Ming Dynasty?

3. Ming Dynasty Hongwu expels Mongol forces from China – 1368
Believed traditions & institutions bring stability to China
Confucianism
Restores China’s power and prosperity
Increase rice production & irrigation
Rise of fish farming, cotton & sugar cane industry
Hong Wu is a peasant. First time a peasant leader in 1000 years. Led peasant army. Ming means “brilliant”
Hongwu

4. What do we notice from this map
What do we notice from this map? Excellent coastal regions along with a wall!

5. Ming Dynasty
Stability, plentiful food led to significant population growth
Instituted civil service exams
Eliminated anyone challenging authority

6. Before European Exploration
Ming gov’t sponsors 7 voyages ( )
Impress foreign people w/ its power
317 ships w/ 28,000 armed troops
Led by Zheng He – travels to SE Asia, India, & Africa
Distributes silver & silk for diplomacy & to show China’s superiority
Voyages discontinued b/c voyages thought as wasteful spending – want money to go to defense.
Travelled to East Africa, India, Persian Gulf
Spread of Chinese culture in SE Asia & India
Cultural diffusion!
Spending should go to defense?

7. Treasure Ship
Treasure ships” – could hold 500+ people

8. Zheng He’s Travels

10. China
Day 2: Ming Dynasty

11. Essential Questions
1. To what extent did the Ming Dynasty embrace isolationist policies?
2. What factors led to the decline of the Ming Dynasty?

12. Leave Us Alone! Isolationist policies
Restrict foreign travel and trade (only 3 ports)
Preserve Chinese culture
Government sponsored study of Chinese cultural traditions, especially Confucianism
Great Wall of China
Defend against northern Mongols
Much of the Great Wall of China seen today was built under the Ming.

13. The Great Wall of China (Do not write down)
Use of smoke signals to communicate messages
Built mainly of stone, dirt, wood, and mud
The Wall served well. Only when a dynasty had weakened from within, were invaders from the north able to advance and conquer

14. Why doesn’t the wall extend all the way west? Gobi?

17. Decline of the Ming After 200 years Ineffective rulers
Corrupt officials
Government bankrupt
High taxes and bad harvests lead to rebellion
Manchus invade China (2nd time foreigners rule)
Take the name Qing or “pure”

18. China
Day 3: Confucianism

19. Essential Question
1. To what extent does Confucianism create social harmony?

20. Confucius Influence: 4th century BC
Scholarly life teaching history, music, & moral character
Lived during a time of crisis/violence in China
Goal: restore social order, harmony, & a good gov’t
Ideas collected in the Analects
6.3 million followers

21. Five Relationships for Harm
1. ruler & subject
2. father & son
3. husband & wife
4. older brother & younger brother
5. friend & friend
Example: Rulers should practice kindness. In return, subjects should be loyal.
Emphasis on the family in 3 out of the 5 relationships? Why? Morals and values originate here. The family is the core. Also notice that out of the five relationships, 4 were unequal; only friend and friend are equal.
Social harmony—the goal of Confucianism

22. Key Concepts Ren “benevolence” in accordance with: Li – ritual norms
Shu – reciprocity
Zhong – loyalty
Xiao – filial piety
This equals the: de (virtue)
Ren: "benevolence, humaneness" signifying excellent character in accord with li (ritual norms), zhong (loyalty to one's true nature), shu (reciprocity), and xiao (filial piety). Together thsi constitutes the de (virtue)
Ren: obligation of altruism and humaneness
Li: education and music as various elements of li and etiquette. Exmaple: if you are a guest, you cannot behave like a host and so forth
Shu: Do not impose upon others what you yourself do not desire. – Golden Rule.
Zhong: It is your duty  For example, the duty of an emperor is to behave in a kingly fashion and to take care of the people’s basic needs. A minister’s duty is to assist the emperor in governing the people. The duty of an ordinary citizen is to obey the superiors. In the family, parents have a duty to love their children, while children have a duty to exemplify filial piety toward their parents. Xiao: must be shown towards both the living and the dead (including even remote ancestors). This characters respect a child should have to his parents.

23. Confucius and Government
Goal: show rulers how to govern wisely
Education transforms a humbly born person into a gentleman
Money corrupts
Lays the groundwork for a bureaucracy
A religion or philosophical system or both?
Lays groundwork for a bureaucracy because it would lead to a trained civil service for those to run the gov’t.
An inhumane ruler runs the risk of losing the "Mandate of Heaven", the right to rule
The implication of this passage is that there is only something morally wrong with wealth (or profit, ) if it is obtained through violations of morality. Later Confucianism tended to regard profit as intrinsically immoral.
According to legend, he set such a virtuous example that a purse lying in the middle of the street would be untouched for days.
Confucianism is perhaps best understood as an all-encompassing humanism that neither denies nor slights Heaven.
He deems himself a failure because he never holds a high government post.

24. China
Day 4: Qing Dynasty

25. Essential Question
1. How did the Manchus institute their own culture and prevent the West from “polluting” theirs own?

27. Qing Dynasty Uphold Confucian beliefs and structures
Manchus just 2% of the population
Gave lower military and government jobs to Chinese
A New “Sheriff in Town”
Forbid intermarriage
Force Manchu hairstyles as sign of loyalty – queue
Mandate study of Manchu language by Chinese

28. Qing Dynasty Continued isolationist policies
Not impressed by Western advancements
Believed Chinese culture was superior
Self-sufficient society
Healthy agricultural economy
Extensive mining & manufacturing industries
Produced silks, cottons, porcelain

29. China
Day 5: Qing Dynasty

30. Essential Question
1. Explain how opium impacted isolationism and trade in Qing China

31. Trading Qing enjoyed a favorable balance of trade
Strong European demand for silk, porcelain, and tea
Britain: Use opium instead of silver
1835: 12 million Chinese users
Opium War of 1839:
Britain’s steam-powered gunboats overpower China’s outdated ships
Treaty gives Britain Hong Kong & trading rights

37. China
Day 6: Qing Dynasty

38. Essential Question
1. How did foreign powers gradually come to control China’s economy?

39. Decline of the Qing
Taiping Rebellion (1830s)– Desire to use China’s wealth to prevent anyone from living in poverty
British & French end rebellion
20+ million Chinese dead
Foreign countries take advantage of weakened state & attack China
Negotiate treaty to give nations control over China’s economy

40. Spheres of Influence
DEFINED: A region in which a state has political, economic, or cultural influence over.
US declares Open Door Policy – allows China’s “doors” to be open to merchants of all nations
Protects China from colonization, but still puts Qing at mercy of foreign powers

41. Decline of the Qing Debate among Chinese: Preserve ways or modernize
European missionaries convert Chinese
Boxer Rebellion: 1900: surround European section for months
Rebel against the West
Multinational forces squash rebellion
Decades of instability w/internal & external threats
Not until the mid-1900s that China progresses
Boxers chant “Death to the foregin devils” – Secret organizationi called the Society of Righteous and Harmonious Fists.