1. Unit 1: Intro to Geography

2. Geography
The study of the distribution and interaction of physical and human (cultural) features on the earth’s surface. Looking at the world with a “spatial perspective”

3. Question that Geography addresses…
What is where, why there & why care?
Where are phenomena located?
Why is it there? (How are the phenomena & places connected?)
What patterns/distributions exist?
How are humans impacted?

4. L3: Brain Drain
Complete the following What is WHERE, WHY THERE, WHY CARE chart in your notes:
What IS?
Where is it?
Why There?
Why Care?
DSOA
Disney World
Fast Food Restaurants
Oil
Lower Developed Countries

5. Two Types of Geography Subfields
Physical Geography-study of the spatial distribution & patterns of the “4 Spheres” (Lithosphere, Atmosphere, Hydrosphere, & Biosphere)…physical features
Subfields
Geomorphology
Climatology
Hydrography
Biogeography
Geology

6. Two Types of Geography Subfields
Human Geography-study of the spatial distribution & patterns human activity on the earth.
Subfields
Historical Geography
Demography & Population Geo.
Political Geography
Cultural Geography
Urban Geography
Agricultural Geography

7. Impact of Physical Geo on Human Geo
Environmental Geography-where Physical & Human Geo come together
Climate/Weather
Soil
Ecosystems
Abiotic elements-non-living
Biotic elements-living

8. Impact of Human Geo on Physical Geo
Anthropogenic changes-human induced changes to physical environment
Sustainability-use of natural resources w/o diminishing ability to use in the future

9. L2: Brain Drain Give me the GIST in 5 minutes…
You have 20 words to summarize what we just discussed. Use the space below.
______ ________ ________ _______

10. A Brief History of Geography
What drove people to Geographic study & inquiry?

11. A Brief History of Geography
Erathosthenes (3rd cen. BC) circumference of earth/term geography
Ptolemy (2nd cen. BC) Guide to Geography, global grid system
Age of Exploration (1400s-1600s) new info. new theories

12. A Brief History of Geography
George Perkins Marsh (1860s) Man & Nature warns against destruction of environment
Carl Sauer (1920s) cultural landscapes/interactions between humans & environment
Quantitative Revolution (1960s) measurements, models, statistics

13. A Brief History of Geography
WD Pattison’s Four Traditions of Geo
Earth-science (Physical Geography)
Man-Land (human + natural environment)
Spatial (patterns, both physical & human)
Area-studies (regional geography)

14. A Brief History of Geography
High Tech Advances of the 20th century
Remote Sensing - images from above earth’s surface
GPS - integrated satelitte network for location with lat./long. coordinates
GIS – software analyzies spatial data in layers

15. L3: Brain Drain Lets watch the following clip:
Write 2 paragraphs discussing the positives and negatives of using GPS and GIS systems globally.

16. Study of Geography Approaches Regional-regions & characteristics
Systematic-world’s integrated system (or How the world works)

17. Study of Geography Types of Data Qualitative-observations
Quantitative-statistics, mathematical models, etc.

18. Study of Geography Methods of analyzing geographic info.
Idiographic-characteristics unique to a place
Nomothetic-universal concepts or rules

19. L2:Brain Drain Think-Pair-Share Regional vs. Systematic
With your elbow partner discuss the differences between the following:
Regional vs. Systematic
Qualitative vs. Quantitative
Idiographic vs. Nomothetic

20. Maps & Globes
Map
Globe

21. Maps
Cartography-the art & science of map making

22. Maps Two basic types Reference-locating phenomena
Thematic-shows specific information, highlights a variable

23. Maps
Which is reference? Which is thematic?

24. Types of Thematic Maps Isoline-lines connect point of equal value

25. Types of Thematic Maps Choropleth-levels within predefined regions

26. Types of Thematic Maps Proportional Symbol-intensity & frequency shown by size of symbol

27. Types of Thematic Maps Dot-1 dot = occurrence of phenomena

28. Types of Thematic Maps Cartogram-area scaled to represent information

29. L2:Brain Drain
Lets spend the next 15 minutes comparing the different types of thematic maps and their uses using your handout.

30. Map Projections
Projection-method of transferring the spherical image of the earth onto a flat map. Distortion always occurs.

31. Map Projections
Cylindrical-shows entire earth, distorts size, accurate shape & direction. Good for navigation. Mercator

32. Map Projections
Pseudocylindrical-shows entire earth, some distortion of shape & direction. Size accurate. Robinson, Mollweide
Lets Watch the following link:

33. Map Projections
Conical-distorts scale & distance. Used for large east-west land masses.

34. Map Projections
Planar (Azimuthal)- distorts as you move from the center. Used for polar areas and air routes.

35. L2:Brain Drain
Lets spend the next 15 minutes comparing the different types of map projections and their advantages and disadvantages.

36. Map Scale Map scale-degree to which a map ‘zooms in” on an area
Ratio of map distance to earth distance
Shown as a ratio or a bar
Larger the fraction, the larger the scale
Small scale = large area w/small detail
Large scale = small area w/large detail

37. Map Scale
Which is small scale & which is large scale?

38. Map Characteristics
Simplification- eliminating unimportant details & exaggerating important details, depending on purpose of map.

39. Map Characteristics
Aggregation- level of detail for dividing a thematic map into geographic units.
Coarse division- larger units, less detail
Fine division-smaller units, more detail

40. L3: Brain Drain Create your own Map Projection:
Design your projection.
Draw the world neatly on it.
Color the water and land in realistic colors neatly.
Name your projection
Answer the following questions:
How would your projection best be used?
To locate places on the surface of the earth, and/or To show patterns of distribution, and/or To discover relationships between different phenomena by analyzing map information. and/or Something else?
What is the subjective message you are sending with this type of map?

41. Five Themes of Geography
Topics that geographers focus on. “Lenses”
through which they view a place or questions
they ask about places.
Location
Place
Human-Environment Interaction
Movement
Region

42. Location Position on earth’s surface. Where’s it at?
Absolute location- exact spot (Lat./Long.)
Relative location- location in relation to something else

43. Place Characteristics. What is the place like?
Physical-anything produced by “mother nature”
Human-anything produced by humans

44. Human-Environment Interaction
Interactions & relationships between humans & physical environment. How do people utilize, change, or adapt to the physical environment?

45. Movement
How are people, goods, and information moved from place to place?

46. Region
An organization of places with similar spatial characteristics. How is a place like or linked to other places?
Three types
Formal
Functional
Perceptual

47. Types of Regions
Formal-defined by uniform physical or cultural characteristic
Functional-has a focul point. Is organized space surrounding the focul point
Perceptual (Vernacular)-a region people percieve in their minds. Can be fuzzy

48. Interaction between places

49. Interaction between places
Absolute distance-exact measure in standard units
Relative distance-other measures of distance between places. The cost of overcoming absolute distance

50. Interaction between places
Connectivity-degree of economic, social, cultural, or political connection between places

51. Interaction between places
Topological Space-amount of “space” between places regardless of absolute distance. Depends on connectivity. More connectivity, less topological space. Less connectivity, more topological space.

52. Interaction between places
Time-space convergence-idea that distance is shrinking due to improved technology & increased interaction. Internet brings time-space compression

53. L2:Brain Drain Gallery Review
Grab a marker and get into your Defining Geo Scales Group
You will have 30 seconds to draw a picture of each of the terms posted.
Everyone in the group must draw an image that represents the concept.
Wait for me to tell you when to go, and wait for me to tell you when to switch to the next poster.

54. Test Day Directions You have 10 MINUTES to complete:
Staple the 4 assignments to the rubric and put on desk in front of class.
Turn in your VOCAB in the labeled bin in front of class. *need to be in a baggie
Get out a PEN and PENCIL
Turn off your cell phone
Put your backpacks and stuff against a wall in the room.