1. What are Labor Unions and why did they develop?
Progressive Era
What are Labor Unions and why did they develop?

2. Events that Led to Unions
Pullman Strike
Strike by railway workers
President Grover Cleveland sends in troops to break strike
Proved that government favored business over labor
Haymarket Square Riot
Labor rally in Chicago
Ended with a bomb blast and riot leaving many dead (7 police officers)
Knights of Labor were blamed for casualties

3. Labor Unions were Necessary
Monopolies restricted competition
Abuse of natural resources
Corporate wealth & power increased
Social Darwinism
60 hour week
Unsafe, unhealthy conditions
No guarantees – little job security
Low wages
Women & children made even less

4. Government’s Response
Industries unrestrained
Courts failed to support fair standards
Laissez-faire

5. Populism FARMERS PROTESTS THE IMPORTANCE OF A THIRD POLITICAL PARTY
Increased circulation of money
unlimited minting of silver
progressive income tax
government ownership of national communication and transportation

6. Tariffs Tax on imported goods- farmers hurt
discourages buying foreign goods and promotes domestic industry
farmers hurt
raised prices of manufactured goods
reduced international market for American farm products

7. FARMERS UNITE Farmers Alliance The Grange
farmers formed cooperatives
common political causes
social outlet
Farmers Alliance
Federal regulation of railroads
more money in circulation
women played a major role

8. GOALS OF PROGRESSIVE MOVEMENT
Protect Social Welfare
Promote Moral Improvement
Reform corruption in government
Create economic reform

9. Muckrakers Journalists & writers Artist & photographers
Investigated & exposed corruption & injustices

10. Upton Sinclair – The Jungle

11. Consumer Protection Pure Food & Drug Act Meat Inspection Act
Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle

12. Poverty Jacob Riis Social Gospel Building codes Better lighting
Better ventilated
More sanitary

13. Jacob Riis

14. Social Settlement Settlement houses
Education, child care, social activities,
Help finding jobs
Hull House – Chicago – Jane Addams

15. Temperance & Prohibition
Women’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU)
Frances Willard
Anti-Saloon League
Ease poverty & disease
Improve family life
Productive economy

16. 18th Amendment (Prohibition)
Banned (prohibited)manufacture, sale, & transportation of alcoholic beverages

17. Prohibition Increased Crime
Backfired because it led to organized crime and bootlegging.

18. Rights for African-Americans
Plessy v. Ferguson
Jim Crow
“Separate but equal”
Lynching's

19. African American Leaders
Booker T. Washington
Put political ambition aside
Economic security through vocational skills
Accommodation
W.E.B. Du Bois
Demand social & political equality
Advanced liberal arts education
NAACP

20. FIGHTING CORRUPTION
Political machines and bosses controlled local governments
These bosses earned votes by doing favors for people
Often these bosses accepted bribes and kickbacks

22. BOSS TWEED
William M. Tweed controlled the New York City police, courts and newspapers
Accepted millions of dollars in bribes and kickbacks
Went to jail in 1872

23. SPOILS SYSTEM
The practice of appointing people to public office on the basis of a personal relationship, rather than merits.
Pendleton Act - created the Civil Service Commission
Created an exam for Federal jobs

24. EXPANDING DEMOCRACY Wisconsin Idea- direct primary elections
Seventeenth Amendment- direct election of Senators
Oregon System
initiative- voters could place issue on ballot
referendum- voters could accept or reject laws
recall- chance to remove unsatisfactory elected officials

25. ROOSEVELT’S “SQUARE DEAL”
1902 United Mine Workers Strike
Teddy Roosevelt insisted that mine owners negotiate with union
1906 Hepburn Act-
government regulates railroad rates
1906 Pure Food and Drug Act -
regulates food industry

26. TRUSTBUSTING 1890 SHERMAN ANTITRUST ACT
By 1909 the government had filed 42 antitrust actions
Beef trust, Standard Oil and American Tobacco Industry broken up or reorganized

27. TEDDY ROOSEVELT “SQUARE DEAL”- helps Unions
TRUSTBUSTER- attempted to break up 42 different trusts
CONSERVATIONIST- set aside 200 million acres for conservation

28. NEW NATIONALISM tariff reduction women’s suffrage
Teddy Roosevelt returns
tariff reduction
women’s suffrage
regulation of business
end child labor
eight hour work day
workers compensation
direct election of Senators – 17th Amendment