1. Describe and explain the governments of Kenya, South Africa and Sudan
African Governments
AC-
Do you know government?
Describe and explain the governments of Kenya, South Africa and Sudan

2. How do citizens participate in the government?
Autocratic/Autocracy
Oligarchic/Oligarchy
Democratic/Democracy

3. Autocratic/Autocracy
Rule of ONE
Long definition: government in which one person possesses unlimited power and the citizen has little if any role in government.
Examples of autocratic governments
Dictatorship
Absolute Monarchy
Theocracy

4. Oligarchic/Oligarchy
Rule of a FEW
Long definition: government by the few, sometimes a government in which a small group exercises control especially for corrupt and selfish purposes. The citizen has a very limited role.
Examples of oligarchic governments
Theocracy

5. Democratic/Democracy
Rule of ALL
Long definition: a government in which the supreme power is vested in the people and exercised by them directly or indirectly through a system of representation usually involving periodically held free elections.
Examples of democratic governments
Parliamentary democracy
Presidential democracy
Republic

6. How do governments distribute power?
Unitary
Confederation
Federal

7. Unitary Central government has all the power
Long definition: characterized by or constituting a form of government in which power is held by one central authority (dictatorship or absolute monarchy).

8. Unitary
Examples of unitary governments
China
United Kingdom

9. Confederation States control a weak central government
Long definition: voluntary associations of independent states that, to secure some common purpose, agree to certain limitations on their freedom of action and establish some joint machinery of consultation or deliberation

10. Confederation
Examples of confederation
OPEC
United Arab Emirates

11. Federal Power is SHARED between central government and states
Long definition: characterized by or constituting a form of government in which power is divided between one central and several regional authorities.

12. Federal Examples of federal governments United States Australia
Germany

13. KENYA
Republic
Democratic
Federal

14. KENYA-Form of Leadership
Chief of state: President
Head of state: Prime Minister

15. KENYA-Type of Legislature
Unicameral national assembly called the Bunge.
Members elected to five year terms

16. KENYA-Role of Citizen – Voting Rights
Universal suffrage at 18 years of age
Citizens vote for president and other representatives

17. KENYA-Personal Freedoms of the citizen
Citizens can criticize the government or its leaders in limited amounts

18. SOUTH AFRICA
Republic
Democratic
Federal

19. SOUTH AFRICA-Form of Leadership
Chief of state & head of state is the President
President is elected by the national assembly

20. SOUTH AFRICA-Type of Legislature
Bicameral Parliament: National Assembly & National Council of Provinces
Members elected to five year terms

21. SOUTH AFRICA-Role of Citizen – Voting Rights
Universal suffrage at 18 years of age
Citizens vote for representatives in parliament

22. SOUTH AFRICA-Personal Freedoms of the citizen
Freedom of speech and the media – citizens are allowed to criticize the govt.

23. SUDAN
Dictatorship
Autocratic
Unitary

24. SUDAN-Form of Leadership
Chief of state & head of state is the President

25. SUDAN-Type of Legislature
Power-sharing government between NCP and SPLM

26. SUDAN-Role of Citizen – Voting Rights
Under the 2005 peace agreement, elections are to be held in 2009
Universal suffrage at 17 years of age
Last vote was believed to be rigged.

27. SUDAN-Personal Freedoms of the citizen
Citizens cannot criticize the government or its leaders
No freedom of speech or press
Limited personal freedoms

28. Legacy of colonialism
Colonial states lacked capacity to meet the social and economic needs of its citizens
No political foundation for democracy
Ethnic conflict made unity of nation difficult

29. Political problems faced by new independent African countries
Sovereignty and security-after colonial rule ended countries faced probability they would fall apart
National unity-citizens needed to develop a stronger loyalty and identity as a nation, rather than loyal to ethnic group
Basic human services-Legitimacy of the government depended on their ability to provide

30. Types of African governments-1960-1990
Most had a constitution
Modeled government on their colonial power
Governments did not resemble colonial power government 20 years later

31. Why? Government lacked capacity to provide needed social services
Tension between old colonial system and new constitutional system
Economic difficulties
Ethnic tensions

32. What happened ? Most governments started out with multi-party systems
By 1970 half had military governments
Numerous coup d’etats
Some violent
Some peaceful

33. Why Military government?
Military leaders felt they could do a better job
Citizens thought, and military leaders promised they would provide basic social and economic needs
Military claimed right to intervene in ethnic conflicts
Government leaders had become corrupt and military felt justified in taking power

34. Still problems persist
Military regimes not democratic
Military governments no more successful than previous governments
Between 1960 and attempted coups, 60 were successful
Only 6 of 54 countries have not had an attempted or successful coup

35. One party countries
More than half countries had military rule
Botswana had multi-party system
Others were one party systems

36. Why one party system?
Tradition-traditional African kingdoms were not multi- party
Direct democracy-one party was better to listen to will of people
National Unity-single party could heal divisions between ethnic groups
Development orientation-energies spent on countries needs rather than elections

37. Why democracy now?
In 1980’s-5 African countries had competitive elections
1990’s-40 African countries had free and fair multiparty elections

38. Why democracy now? Demand for human rights and participation
Civil society –public organizations pressured government to be more responsive to citizens
International factors-democracy in Eastern Europe
End of the cold war