1. Bell Ringer What are Push & Pull Factors?
Why is Roanoke the first colony but no one counts it?
Who is John Smith?

2. Bell Ringer Who was in Charge of Jamestown?
What was the first important crop to Jamestown?
What is the second important colony that will be established?

3. Bell Ringer
How much land could someone receive under the head right system?
How long did a Indentured Servant contract normally last?
What boat did the Pilgrims come over on?

4. Bell Ringer What new colony absorbed Plymouth?
Name one ideal that Roger Williams believed in.
What colony was set up to help Protect Catholics?

5. England plants colonies in North America
THE THIRTEEN COLONIES
England plants colonies in North America

6. Motivation of Colonialism
Push & Pull factors
Push and Pull factors are reasons that make you want to go to or leave someplace.
PUSH Factors: Something that PUSHES you out, or makes you want to leave (war, famine, over crowding, etc)
PULL Factors: Something that PULL you towards another place, or makes you want to go there (Lots of land, Gold, Puppies, Ice Cream, etc.)

7. Government vs. People Governments colonize for their own benefit
Government exists to increase the wealth of nations
Colonies are pieces of land that countries take over to get resources from
Colonies exist to increase the wealth of the mother country
People colonize for their own benefit
Religious freedoms
Opportunity for a new life
Jobs
Land

8. England There are 3 big things that push Colonization:
Population increases
Need for more land
Joint-stock companies develop
Early businesses looking for new opportunity
Religious conflicts divide the nation
Religion has pretty much always been a problem

9. Who was interested?
By 1735 there were over 6 million English men women and children looking to the 13 English Colonies here in North America for a new beginning.

10. Thirteen Colonies

11. Colonial Geography

12. 1585 Roanoke Colony
“The Lost Colony”

13. The First English Attempts… Roanoke
Sir Walter Raleigh (1585)
Roanoke (1587)

14. CHARTER All Colonies had to have a Charter
an official permit to start a colony from the English monarch who was entitled to a portion of the profits
If you think of it in modern terms this is like a Permit. You can build the house but you must have the PERMIT to do so.

15. Types of Companies: Joint Stock
Joint Stock Company
originally funded and maintained English colonies
Several investors who pooled their wealth in support of a colony
Business venture for profit
Financial means for England’s first permanent colonization in America

16. Types of Companies: Proprietary & Royal
Proprietary Colony
Granted a charter to individual or group
These often are somewhat Religiously Oriented, but not always
Ex. Maryland, Pennsylvania
Royal Colony
Under direct control of the monarch
This would be to help establish new settlements & territories, Maybe based on a strategic location or resource
Ex. New Hampshire
Eventually, 8 of the 13 colonies became royal colonies, including Virginia and Massachusetts

17. COLONY # 1
VIRGINIA

18. FIRST LASTING SETTLEMENT
Jamestown
FOUNDED
1607
LEADER
John Smith

19. Virginia Company
Joint Stock Company that funded the settlement of Jamestown
Charter from King James I
Jamestown, James River , etc… named for the king

20. John Smith – Was He the Right Man for the Job?
Became a leader of the Jamestown colony its first winter at age 28
“If any would not work, neither should he eat.”
Developed a relationship with the Powhatan tribe
Left Jamestown 1607 : gunpowder accident

21. John Smith & Pocahontas

22. Pocahontas daughter of Chief Powhatan defends the life of John Smith
marries John Rolfe

23. John Rolfe
Created a strain of tobacco that could become a cash crop for the Jamestown colonists

24. Early Colonial Tobacco
1618 — Virginia produces 20,000 pounds of tobacco.
1622 — Despite losing nearly one-third of its colonists in an Indian attack, Virginia produces 60,000 pounds of tobacco.
1627 — Virginia produces 500,000 pounds of tobacco.
1629 — Virginia produces 1,500,000 pounds of tobacco.

25. The Starving Time : Jamestown Nightmare 1609-10
1609 – 600 new colonists
1610- only 60 survive
Some accounts of cannibalism
“Gentlemen” colonists would not work themselves.
Settlers wasted time looking for gold instead of hunting or farming.
“sharp prick of hunger which no man can truly describe but he who hath tasted the bitterness thereof.”- CAPTAIN GEORGE PERCY –governor of Jamestown

26. Starving Time – Quick Facts
The “Starving Time”:
1607: 104 colonists
By spring, 1608: 38 survived
1609: 300 more immigrants
By spring, 1610: 60 survived
1610 – 1624: 10,000 immigrants
1624 population: 1,200
Adult life expectancy: 40 years
Death of children before age 5: 80%

27. Tobacco Economy required a labor force
HEADRIGHT SYSTEM (1618)
Each Virginian got 50 acres for each person whose passage they paid.

28. Indentured Servitude INDENTURED SERVANTS 5-7 years.
Promised “freedom dues” [land, £]
Forbidden to marry.
: only 1 in 10 outlived their indentured contracts!

29. 1619: The House of Burgesses
An elected legislative body
Burgess = a person invested with all the privileges of a citizen
Male landowners over age 17 eligible to vote for representatives
First seed of American democracy

30. 17c Population in the Chesapeake
WHY this large increase in black popul.??

31. The Atlantic Slave Trade

32. Triangle Trade This cycle of trade where:
slaves were moved from Africa to the Americas
raw products were moved from the Americas to Europe, and
finished products were moved from Europe to Africa became known as Triangle Trade.

34. The “Middle Passage” The triangle trade was extremely profitable
The part of the trade where slaves were aboard the boats.

35. Review Questions Why did the Early Colonies fail?
By using the map on pg. 62, how did the colonies enrich a nation?
What made the first years of Jamestown Settlement difficult?
Contrast the difference between an indentured servant and a slave.
After declaring Virginia a royal colony, what action did James I take?

36. Continued
What would you think would happen if, for several years, your family collected less money than it paid for goods? How might such a situation affect a nation?
How did the experiences of the early colonists shape America’s political and social ideals?

37. COLONY # 2
MASSACHUSETTS

38. FIRST SETTLEMENT
Plymouth
FOUNDED
1620

39. English Reformation (why puritans came to America)
16th century movement for religious reform
Led to the founding of churches that rejected the Pope’s authority
Henry VIII broke with the Catholic Church and formed the Church of England (Anglican Church)

40. Puritans A group in England who wanted to reform the Church of England
Wanted to eliminate all traces of Roman Catholicism

41. Separatists
Puritans who opposed those who wanted to reform the Church of England and form their own separate Church

42. Pilgrims Separatists who fled England to escape persecution Holland
North America

43. Mayflower Compact
1620
Considered the first written constitution in North America
Radical idea
Government depends on the consent of the governed

44. SECOND SETTLEMENT
BOSTON
FOUNDED
1630
LEADER
JOHN
WINTHROP

45. Massachusetts Bay Company
Joint Stock company that funded the establishment of the Massachusetts Bay Colony
Boston – capital city

46. Great Puritan Migration
Over 14,000 settlers , mainly Puritans , arrived brought over by the Massachusetts Bay Company fleeing religious persecution against Puritans under King Charles I
Plymouth Colony incorporated into the Massachusetts Bay Colony

47. COLONY # 6
RHODE ISLAND
1636

48. RHODE ISLAND FIRST SETTLEMENT FOUNDED LEADER Providence 1636
Roger Williams

49. Roger Williams Puritan who was tolerant of other religions
Did not believe in killing or punishing people in the name of Christianity
Did not believe in a tax supported church
Supported separation of church and state
Indian land should be paid for
Banished from MBC for his beliefs

50. Roger Williams
Bought land from the Native Americans to start the colony
Narragansett Indians helped him when he was banished
Based on “freedom of conscience”
Attracted Quakers, Catholics, Jews

51. Roger Williams
" We may praise him .. for his defense of religious liberty and the separation of church and state . He deserves the tribute … but it falls short of the man. His greatness was simpler. He dared to think. "
- Edmund Morgan who wrote a book about Roger Williams

52. Which would you pick You’re living in 1640.
You can chose to move to Jamestown, Plymouth/Boston, Providence (RI), or just stay in England.
Which choice would you pick?
Write 6-8 sentences explaining why. (You can include reasons about death rates, weather, religion, jobs, resources, etc.)

53. Ann Hutchinson Religious dissenter (like Roger Williams)
Put on trial for her beliefs
Banished from the MBC
Fled to RI and later to NY

54. Chronological Order Protestant Reformation
Founding of the Plymouth Colony
The Great Puritan Migration
Founding of Rhode Island

55. COLONY # 3
NEW HAMPSHIRE
1623

56. NEW HAMPSHIRE FIRST SETTLEMENT FOUNDED LEADER Exeter 1623
John Wheelwright

57. COLONY # 4
CONNECTICUT
1636

58. CONNECTICUT FIRST SETTLEMENT FOUNDED LEADER Hartford 1636
Thomas Hooker

59. Fundamental Orders 1639 A constitution governing colonial Connecticut
Establishing a democratic state controlled by “substantial” citizens

60. COLONY # 5
MARYLAND
1632

61. MARYLAND FIRST SETTLEMENT FOUNDED LEADER St. Mary’s 1632
George Calvert –the first Lord Baltimore

62. Lord Baltimore Catholic Englishman
Founded the Maryland colony on the idea of religious freedom where Protestants and Catholics could live together in peace

63. Maryland Act of Toleration
Landmark act passed by the Maryland assembly
Guaranteed freedom of religion ( but only for Christians )
Radical idea at this time
The penalty for anyone who did not believe in Christ was to be hanged
No toleration for Jews, atheists, muslims, etc…

64. COLONY # 7
DELEWARE
1638

65. DELEWARE
FIRST SETTLEMENT
Wilmington
FOUNDED
1638
LEADER
Peter Minuit

66. COLONY # 8
NORTH CAROLINA
1663

67. NORTH CAROLINA FIRST SETTLEMENT FOUNDED LEADER Albemarie County 1663
Group of eight proprietors

68. COLONY # 9
SOUTH CAROLINA
1663

69. SOUTHCAROLINA FIRST SETTLEMENT FOUNDED LEADER
Charles Town (later Charleston)
FOUNDED
1663
LEADER
Group of eight proprietors

70. COLONY # 10
NEW YORK
1664

71. NEW YORK
FIRST SETTLEMENT
New York
FOUNDED
1664
LEADER
Peter Minuit

72. Henry Hudson Dutch explorer searching for the Northwest Passage
Land in North America he claimed for Holland called New Netherlands

73. Dutch West India Company
The business that owned most of Holland’s colonies
Fur trading
More interested in its colonies in India

74. Peter Stuyvesant
Dutch governor of New Netherlands

75. 1664 –British take New Netherlands
from Holland without firing a shot
Given to the Duke of York by the King of England (his brother)
renamed it New York

76. COLONY # 11
NEW JERSEY
1664

77. NEW JERSEY FIRST SETTLEMENT FOUNDED LEADER East Jersey – Carteret
West Jersey – Salem
FOUNDED
1664
LEADER
Lord Berkeley
Sir Carteret

78. COLONY # 12
PENNSYLVANIA
1681

79. PENNSYLVANIA FIRST SETTLEMENT FOUNDED LEADER Philadelphia 1681
William Penn

80. William Penn William Penn (1681)
Religious Society of Friends aka Quakers
Holy Experiment
Religious refuge
Liberal political ideals
Economic success
Promised Land and Religious Freedom

81. COLONY # 13
GEORGIA
1732

82. GEORGIA
FIRST SETTLEMENT
Savannah
FOUNDED
1732
LEADER
James Oglethorpe

83. James Ogelthorpe
Wanted to create a colony where debtors could go instead of going to jail
Debtors ended up being only a small percentage of the actual settlers
The buffer colony
from Spanish colonies south (Florida)
From French claims west (Louisiana)