1. The Industrial Revolution

2. Why did the Industrial Revolution Start in Great Britain?
Six main reasons
Better Agriculture
Increase in Population
Ready Supply of Money
Plenty of Natural Resources
Free Society
Ready Markets to Trade With

3. Better Agriculture
More farmland, better transportation, new crops  increase in food supply
More people fed at lower prices with less labor

4. Increase in Population
More food  more people living longer
Enclosure movement  forced peasants to move to towns to find work
Britain had plenty of workers for the I.R.

5. Ready Supply of Money
Britain had the capital to spend on new machines and factories
Had many wealthy entrepreneurs
Looking for new businesses, make profit

6. Plentiful Natural Resources
Many rivers
Water power for steam engines
Good transportation for raw materials and finished products
Lots of coal and iron ore

7. A Free Society British government did not heavily regulate economy
Laissez-faire
Ideas able to circulate freely
Inventors and capitalists free to act on their ideas

8. Ready Markets to Trade With
British ships able to transport manufactured goods easily
Cheaper food  more money to buy other things

9. Changes in Cotton Production
Britain ahead of other countries in cotton production
Cottage industry inefficient
New machines invented to produce thread quicker
Could use steam engine (coal) to make cotton faster
Did not have to be near a river
Spinning Cotton

10. Question
How would the rapid increase in Britain’s demand for raw cotton affect the countries that produced cotton?
Answer in your notes in about a sentence!

11. Coal and Iron Coal used for steam engines Iron production increased
More factories built
Iron production increased
Used to make machines and build railroads

12. Railroads The Rocket was first public railway line
Between Liverpool and Manchester
What takes a car ½ hour took Rocket 2 hours
Better locomotives soon followed
Effects of Railroads
More jobs
Less expensive transport made goods cheaper to buy
Cheap goods  more sales  more factories

13. The New Factories
Early on, factories were near water and powered by mills
New energy sources  factories built in other places
Early factory workers moved from rural (country) areas
Worked in shifts, hard labor
Children worked, often beaten

14. Newspaper Ad
“Wanted: A few sober and industrious families of at least five children each, over the age of eight years, are wanted at the cotton factory in Whitestown. Widows with large families would do well to attend this notice.”

15. The Spread of Industrialism
Great Britain was first country to industrialize
Eventually spread to other parts of Europe
United States soon industrialized
G.B. and the U.S. industrializing first = huge advantage in becoming wealthy and powerful nations
The Industrial Revolution

17. Industrialism Spreads to Asia
American Admiral Matthew Perry
1853
Went to Japanese harbor – demanded Japan trade with U.S.
Many Asian countries did not want to change their culture and adopt Western ways
Japan decided to trade
Copy Western technology  Japan becomes strong nation

18. Industrialism in the United States
Happened very quickly in U.S.
In 1800…
6 out of every 7 people was a farmer
No city had more than 100,000 people
By 1860…
Population grew from 5 million to 30 million
Only half of people were farmers
9 cities now had more than 100,000 people

19. Growth of Population and Cities
In 1750, European population = 140 million
By 1850, population almost doubled to 266 million
Decline in death rates, wars, and diseases (smallpox and the plague)

20. Growth of Population and Cities (continued)
Cities were growing rapidly because of industrialization
Cities grew faster than basic facilities such as clean water supplies and sewers
Cities very dirty and many diseases
Workers lived in horrible and crowded housing

21. Living Conditions During the I.R.

22. The Industrial Middle Class
Bourgeoisie
Merchants, artisans, professionals (lawyers and doctors), and government officials
During the I.R. a new group was added
Men who built factories and bought machines

23. The Industrial Working Class
Worked from 12 – 16 hours a day, 6 days a week and only ½ hour for lunch and dinner
No minimum wage
Could be fired at any time

24. Working Conditions Long shifts 80 to 84 degrees in factories
Mining for coal = dangerous
Cave-ins, explosions, gas fumes
Cramped conditions (only 3-4 ft. high) and dampness  deformed bodies and ruined lungs

25. Coal Mining

26. Industrial Working Class (continued)
Women and children made up 2/3 of workers in cotton industry
Reformers condemned factories for enslaving children
Factory Act of 1833
9 years old minimum to work
9 to 13 year olds still able to work 9 hours a day
13 to 18 year olds – able to work 12 hours a day

27. Industrial Working Class (continued)
Less children working = more women working
Made up ½ of working force
Mainly unskilled
Paid half or less than men
Child Labor

28. Beginnings of Socialism
Transition to factory life from farm life was difficult
Families apart from each other, long hours, low pay
Some saw capitalism as reason why people’s lives were destroyed
Liked socialism – government owns and controls economy

29. Ideas of Early Socialism
Replace competition with cooperation
Workers should use their abilities and everyone should be cared for
Known as utopian socialists
Later Socialists did not agree with these ideas