1. The French Revolution and Napoleon
Chapter 23

2. Section 1-The French Revolution Begins

3. The Old Order
The Old Regime-The social and political system in France during the 1700’s
The people were divided into three large classes called estates

4. The Old Order The First Estate- The Second Estate-
Made up of members of the clergy of the Roman Catholic Church
Scorned Enlightenment Ideas
The Second Estate-
Made up of rich Nobles who held the highest offices in government
Disagreed about Enlightenment ideas

5. The Old Order The Third Estate-
Included bourgeoisie, urban lower class, and peasant farmers
Had no power to influence government
Resented the wealthy First and Second Estates

6. The Forces of Change Economic Troubles in France-
Taxes made it too hard for merchants and businesses to make profit
Factors including the rise in the cost of living, wide spread crop failures in the 1780’s, and the price of bread doubling made life in France hard
Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette live extravagantly and piled up massive debt helping America fight England

7. Dawn of the Revolution The National Assembly-
The Third Estates delegates were heavily influenced by the Enlightenment and eager to make changes in government
Suggested that all three estates meet together and that each delegate should get a vote (giving them the advantage)
The Third Estates became the National Assembly
This action was the first deliberate act of revolution

8. Dawn of the Revolution
Tennis Court Oath-The Third Estate broke in and promised to stay in the indoor tennis court until a new constitution was drafted

9. Dawn of the Revolution Storming the Bastille-
It took place on July 14th, 1789
Mobs stormed the prison after rumors emerged that Louis was using military forces against the National Assembly
Attackers killed the prison commander and several guards
They put their heads on spikes in the streets
This became the great symbolic act of revolution
Bastille day is celebrated like our 4th of July

10. The Great Fear Sweeps France
Peasants were afraid that the nobles had hired outlaws to terrorize them
As a result the peasants went into the homes of nobles with pitchforks and farm tools destroying the old legal papers that forced them to pay federal duties
After the price of bread rose in Oct. 1789, peasant women rioted and Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette were forced to leave France

11. Section 2-Revolution Brings Reform and Terror

12. The Assembly Reforms France
The Rights of Man-
A set of revolutionary ideas drafted by the National Assembly
Said “men are born and remain free and equal in rights”
Life, liberty, security, and resistance to oppression
The document guaranteed equal justice, freedom of speech, and freedom of religion

13. The Assembly Reforms France
A State-Controlled Church-
Members of the National assembly focused on reforming the church
Church lands were confiscated saying church officials should be elected and paid by the state
Catholic Church lost land and political independence
The selling of church lands helped pay off France’s debt

14. Divisions Develop Legislative Assembly-
Legislative body who had the power to create laws and approve or reject declarations of war
The king could still enforce laws

15. Divisions Develop
Old issues caused the Legislative Assembly to split into three factions
Radicals-
Wanted massive gov. changes, opposed monarchy
Moderates-
Wanted only some changes to gov.
Conservatives-
Liked the idea of limited monarchy and only wanted a few gov. changes

16. War and Execution France at War-
As usual the war begins badly for France
By summer of 1792 Prussian forces were advancing on Paris
Aug 10th, 1792-
20,000 men stormed the Tuileries and captured Louie, Marie Antoinette and the kids
Angry protesters raided the prisons and killed over 1,000 prisoners

17. War and Execution France at War- National Convention-
September 21st, 1792
New government of France
Disposed of the King
Dissolved the National Assembly
Made France a republic
Adult males were given the right to vote and hold political office

18. War and Execution Jacobins-
Radical members of the political organization that brought sweeping changes into the French Government
Jean-Paul Marat-
Jacobin writer who called for the deaths of those who still supported the king
Guillotine-
Quick and efficient way of beheading a criminal
Louis XVI was executed this way

19. Terror Grips France Reign of Terror-
July 1793, Maximilien Robespierre became the leader of the Committee of Public Safety and ruled like a dictator
During this time nearly 40,000 citizens were killed
Including George Danton and Marie Antoinette
85% were peasants
Reign of Terror ended in July 1794 with Robespierre’s capture and execution