1. SAY: How much sleep do you actually need
SAY: How much sleep do you actually need? A study was conducted and data was gathered on sleep recommendations for humans. Take a moment to look at this graph….(ask CFUs)
Ask scholars these CFUs by cold calling randomly.
What does this graph tell you? How do you know?
What is on the x-axis?
What is on the y-axis?
What is the independent variable?
What is the dependent variable?
What do the colors indicate?
How much sleep does a teen need?
What is the relationship between the two variables?
Why is it important to be able to read this information?
Why is the skill of interpreting data presentations essential for adults?

2. Cover Your TAIL (line/bar graphs)
T: Title – the title clearly states what data the graph is representing
A: Axis – the independent variable is on the X axis and the dependent is on the Y axis
I: Interval – note the intervals on both axes
L: Label – read the labels (legends, units) on the axes
SAY: Before we dive into selecting data points, let’s review the basics of a line/bar graph and things we should consistently be looking at. We’ll use the acronym, “Covering your TAIL.”

3. College Completion Rate and ACT score
Model by doing a think aloud on how to read this by using “Cover your TAIL”
SAY: In order for me to understand this information, I’m going to cover my TAIL. This is a complex graph, because it has more than 2 variables.
T is for “Title” – What is my title here?
A is for “Axes” – What is on my x axis? What is on my y axis? What is my independent variable? What is my dependent variable?
I is for “Intervals” – What are the intervals on the x axis? How about on my y-axis?
L is for “Labels” – What are my labels here? What are my units?
What is this graph telling me?

4. -Which GPA has the highest college completion rate with a mean ACT score of What does the line overall 6 year completion mean.
When you model this for scholars, tell them that they should use the legend and actually WRITE next to the line!!!

5. Compare and Contrast data sets
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6. Warm Up In your groups, List all the vegetables you can in 1 minute.
List all the ______ you can in 1 minute.
What is the difference between the two?

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Vegetables are usually grouped according to the portion of the plant that is eaten such as leaves (lettuce), stem (celery), roots (carrot), tubers (potato), bulbs (onion) and flowers (broccoli). A fruit is the mature ovary of a plant. So a tomato is botanically a fruit but is commonly considered a vegetable
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8. Kingdom of Plants Plants are alive, just like people and animals.
They grow and die.
They need energy, nutrients, air, and water.
They produce young.
They are made up of cells.
They react to what's around them.

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CFU
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10. What Do Plants Need to Make Food?
How do they make their food?!?

11. Plant Physiology
Plants are photosynthetic -- they gather their food energy directly from sunlight
To perform photosynthesis, plants need to have a supply of:
Sunlight
Carbon dioxide gas from the atmosphere
Water
Mineral nutrients

12. Basic Plant Structure Plants have three vegetative organs: roots,
stems,
and leaves.

13. root
root tip
root hairs

14. Roots 1
Roots anchor plant in soil, absorb minerals & water, & store food
fibrous roots (1)
mat of thin roots that spread out
monocots
tap roots (2)
1 large vertical root
also produces many small lateral, or branch roots
dicots
root hairs (3)
increase absorptive surface area 2 3

15. ROOT SHOOT (stem) root tip root hairs nodes buds internodes
terminal or apical buds
axillary buds
flower buds & flowers

16. Modified shoots stolons (strawberries) rhizome (ginger) tuber (potato)
bulb (onion)

17. Stem System
Holds leaves, transports and stores water and nutrients, and is sometimes photosynthetic.

18. root shoot (stem) leaves root tip root hairs nodes buds
internodes
buds
terminal or apical buds
axillary buds
flower buds & flowers
leaves
mesophyll tissue
veins (vascular bundles)

19. Interdependent systems
Both systems depend on the other
roots depend on sugars produced by photosynthetic leaves
shoots depend on water & minerals absorbed from the soil by roots
sugars
water & minerals

20. Leaves Function of leaves simple vs. compound photosynthesis
energy production
CHO production
gas exchange
transpiration
simple vs. compound

21. Modified leaves tendrils (peas) spines (cacti) succulent leaves
colored leaves (poinsetta)

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Get them terms…..
STOMATA
XYLEM
PHLEOM
GUARD CELLS
MESOPHYLL
Spongy
Palisade
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26. What Do Plants Need to Make Food?
Plants make food in their leaves.  The leaves contain a pigment called chlorophyll, which colors the leaves green.  Chlorophyll can make food the plant can use from carbon dioxide, water, nutrients, and energy from sunlight.  This process is called photosynthesis.

27. Plant Adaptations to Land
Solutions:
Roots absorb H2O & minerals
Lignin & cellulose in cell walls
Vascular Transport System
Waxy cuticle & stomata with guard cells
Pollen containing sperm
Problems:
Need minerals
Gravity
Increase in Height for Light
Adaptations for Drier environment
Reproduction
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28. Plant Characteristics
Multicellular
Autotrophic (photosynthesis)
Chlorophylls a and b in thylakoid membranes
Surrounded by cell walls containing cellulose (polysaccharide)
Store reserve food as amylose (starch)
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29. How do plants make babies?
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Plant Reproduction
Alternation of generations life cycle
Diploid (2n) sporophyte stage
Haploid (1n) gametophyte stage
Produce multicellular embryo protected inside multicellular haploid (gametophyte egg sac) tissue
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Plant Reproduction
Diploid (2n) sporophyte stage produces haploid spores by meiosis
Haploid spores undergo mitosis to produce gametophyte stage
Gametophyte makes gametes (eggs and sperm) by meiosis
Zygote (2n) produces the new sporophyte
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32. Alternation of Generations
Gametophyte
2n Sporophyte
2n gametophyte
1n pollen
2n seed with plant embryo
Ovary with 1n ovules (eggs)
Sporophyte
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Plant Divisions
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Taxonomy
Plants are divided into two groups
Based on the presence or absence of an internal transport system for water and dissolved materials
Called Vascular System
Vascular Bundles
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Vascular System
Xylem tissue carries water and minerals upward from the roots
Phloem tissue carries sugars made by photosynthesis from the leaves to where they will be stored or used
Sap is the fluid carried inside the xylem or phloem
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39. Nonvascular Plants
Do not have vascular tissue for support or conduction of materials
Called Bryophytes
Require a constantly moist environment
Sporophyte stage
Gametophyte Stage
Moss Gametophytes & Sporophytes
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Nonvascular Plants
Plants can’t grow as tall
Cells must be in direct contact with moisture
Materials move by diffusion cell-to-cell
Sperm must swim to egg through water droplets
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Nonvascular Plants
Includes mosses (Bryophyta), liverworts (Hepatophyta), and hornworts (Antherophyta)
Liverworts
Hornworts
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42. Main Parts of Vascular Plants
Shoots
-Found above ground
-Have leaves attached
- Photosynthetic part of plant
Roots
-Found below ground
-Absorb water & minerals
-Anchor the plant
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Vascular Plants
Also called Tracheophytes
Subdivided into two groups -- Seedless vascular plants and Seed- bearing vascular plants
Club Moss
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CFU
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45. Seedless Vascular Plants
Includes club moss (Lycophyta), horsetails (Sphenophyta), whisk ferns (Psilophyta), and ferns (Pterophyta)
Whisk ferns
Horsetails
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46. Seed-Producing Vascular Plants
Includes two groups – Gymnosperms and Angiosperms
Gymnosperms have naked seeds in cones
Angiosperms have flowers that produce seeds to attract pollinators and produce seeds
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Gymnosperms
Coniferophyta are known as conifers
Includes pine, cedar, spruce, and fir
Cycadophyta – cycads
Ginkgophyta - ginkgo
Cycad
Ginkgo
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Gymnosperms
Contains the oldest living plant – Bristle cone pine
Contains the tallest living plant – Sequoia or redwood
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Angiosperms
Flowering plants
Seeds are formed when an egg or ovule is fertilized by pollen in the ovary
Ovary is within a flower
Flower contains the male (stamen) and/or female (ovaries) parts of the plant
Fruits are frequently produced from these ripened ovaries (help disperse seeds)
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Angiosperms
Division Anthophyta
Subdivided into two groups – Monocots and Dicots
Monocots have a single seed cotyledon
Dicots have two seed cotyledons
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Monocots
Parallel venation in leaves
Flower parts in multiples of 3
Vascular tissue scattered in cross section of stem
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Dicots
Net venation in leaves
Flower parts in multiples of 4 or 5
Vascular tissue in rings in cross section of stem
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Plant Uses
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54. Why We Can’t do Without Plants!
Produce oxygen for the atmosphere
Produce lumber for building
Provide homes and food for many organisms
Prevent erosion
Used for food
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55. More Reasons We Can’t do Without Plants!
Produce wood pulp for paper products
Source of many medicines
Ornamental and shade for yards
Fibers such as cotton for fabric
Dyes
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