1. Native American Movement Activity
Social Studies Survey
Quick Overview of Major Terms

2. Battle of Little BigHorn
Aka: Custer’s Last Stand
General George Armstrong Custer and the US 7th Calvary
Chiefs Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse (Sioux and Cheyenne Indians)
June 25, 1876: Montana
American’s lost around 250 men in less than an hour
Worst defeat in Plains Indian War
Battle of Little BigHorn

3. Trail of Tears “Trail of tears and death…”
Removal of Indians from their lands in the south and East to places west of the Mississippi
Choctaw-1831 ( deaths)
Seminole (started war)
Creek: (removal and war; 23% die, 3500/15000 )
Chickasaw (compensation for land)
Cherokee-1838 (supreme court case; 1200 miles resulting in 5000 deaths)
“Trail of tears and death…”
Choctaw chief quote
John Marshall has made his decision; now let him enforce it! ... Build a fire under them. When it gets hot enough, they'll go.”—-
Andrew Jackson, 1832, The Trail of Tears Across Missouri
I fought through the War Between the States and have seen many men shot, but the Cherokee Removal was the cruelest work I ever knew.”—-
Georgia soldier who participated in the removal
Trail of Tears

5. Dawes Act Adopted by Congress in 1887
Authorized President to survey tribal land and divide into allotments for individual Indians:
*160 acres (head of house)
*80 acres (single adult)
*40 acres (children)
Goal was to assimilate Native Americans into mainstream American society
Goal failed because many had little training or enthusiasm for farming, and land allotment was relatively small.
Dawes Act

7. Indian Peace Commission
Created by Congress in 1867 after several lopsided massacres occurred
Proposed two large reservations: One for the Sioux and another for the Plains Indians
Agents from Bureau of Indian Affairs would run the reservations
Plan was doomed because it pressured Native American leaders to sign unfair and uncompromising treaties
Indian Peace Commission