2. The repetition of beginning consonant sounds
Alliteration
The repetition of beginning consonant sounds
She says she sells seashells by the seashore.

3. Allusion
Allusion is a brief reference to a person, event, or place, real or ficticious, or to a work of art, a famous historical or literary figure or event from history, geography, literature, or religion.

4. Opposes the Protagonist Petruchio
Antagonist
Opposes the Protagonist
Petruchio

5. Apostrophe
The Apostrophe is a figure of speech in which someone absent or dead or something nonhuman is addressed as if it were alive and present and was able to reply.

6. The Sun Rising by John Donne
Busy old fool, unruly sun, Why dost thou thus, Through windows, and through curtains call on us?

7. Archetypes
the original pattern or model from which all things of the same kind are copied or on which they are based; a model or first form; prototype.
Superman

8. "I rose and told him of my woe."
Assonance
The repetition of similar vowel sounds in a sentence or a line of poetry or prose
"I rose and told him of my woe."

9. The events or feelings that entreat a character to act as he does
Character Motivation
The events or feelings that entreat a character to act as he does

10. Conflict A struggle between opposing characters or opposing forces
Internal conflict – takes place in the character’s mind
External conflict – a struggle with an outside force (character, society, nature)

11. Connotation
The associated or secondary meaning of a word or expression in addition to its explicit or primary meaning
A possible connotation of “home” is “a place of warmth, comfort, and affection.”

12. Example: litter and batter slither and lather
Consonance
Consonance is the repetition of consonant sounds, but not vowels, as in assonance.
Example: litter and batter
slither and lather

13. The dictionary definition of a word
Denotation
The dictionary definition of a word
“Wind” is the denotation for air in natural motion.
“Poodle” is the denotation for a certain breed of dog.

14. Points that support the main idea
Details
Points that support the main idea

15. Dialect
The way of speaking that is characteristic of a certain geographical area or a certain group of people

16. Direct Characterization
When the writer simply tells readers that a character is amusing or evil or dull or brave
Percy was an incredibly boring individual…

17. A work of literature meant to be performed for an audience by actors
Drama
A work of literature meant to be performed for an audience by actors

18. Dramatic Irony
When the audience or the reader knows something a character doesn’t know
When a character thinks he’s a goner, but we know the rescue attempt will succeed. 

19. They change as a result of a story’s events.
Dynamic Characters
They change as a result of a story’s events.

20. Epiphany (as related to characters)
When a character comprehends or perceives reality by means of a sudden intuitive realization: "I experienced an epiphany, a spiritual flash that would change the way I viewed myself" (Frank Maier).

21. Expressive Writing
Expressive writing is personal and emotional writing without regard to form or other writing conventions like spelling, punctuation and verb agreement.

22. Flashback
Interruption in the present action of a plot to show events that happened at an earlier time

23. Flat Characters A character who represents only one
facet of life or just
one value
Example: the wolf in “Little Red Riding Hood”

24. Foreshadowing
The use of clues or hints to suggest events that will occur later in the plot

25. Historical Allusion
a brief reference to a famous historical or literary figure or event from history, geography, literature, or religion.
Utopian discord
A Pearl Harbor sneak-attack
All roads lead to Rome (often an idiom)

26. Extravagant exaggeration I’ve a ton of homework tonight.
Hyperbole
Extravagant exaggeration
I’ve a ton of homework tonight.

27. “Bury your head in the sand”
Idiom
An expression peculiar to a particular language that means something different from the literal meaning of the words.
“Hold your tongue”
“Bury your head in the sand”

28. Imagery Language that appeals to the five senses
“…A slow widening of her thin black lips to show even small white teeth then the slow effortless closing.” – Maya Angelou

29. Indirect Characterization
The writer reveals the personality of a character:
through the words of the character
through the description of the character’s looks and clothing
through description of the character’s thoughts and feelings

30. One of the favorite themes in literature
Journey of the Hero
One of the favorite themes in literature

31. A comparison saying something IS something else
Metaphor
A comparison saying something IS something else
Tommy was a bulldozer when he tore through the room.

32. Meter
English poetry employs different rhythms of varying stressed (/) and unstressed (x) syllables.
The most common is iambic pentameter where a short syllable (u) is followed by a long (/) syllable
u/u/u/u/u/
I wandered lonely as a newborn babe

33. The overall feeling of a work of literature
Mood
The overall feeling of a work of literature
Scary, happy, sad, nostalgic, eerie

34. Words that imitate sounds Bang! Ah-choo! Moo
Onomatopoeia
Words that imitate sounds
Bang! Ah-choo! Moo

35. Oxymoron
A figure of speech in which two words of opposing meanings are used together to express two contrasting qualities in one concept.
cruel kindness; laborious idleness.

36. A seemingly contradictory statement that may nonetheless be true
Paradox
A seemingly contradictory statement that may nonetheless be true
the paradox that standing is more tiring than walking.

37. Giving something not living, living qualities
Personification
Giving something not living, living qualities
The ocean waved to me to come in for a swim.

38. Poetry
a form of literature that uses aesthetic and rhythmic qualities of language—such as phonaesthetics, sound symbolism, and metre—to evoke meanings in addition to, or in place of, the prosaic ostensible meaning.

39. Point of view The vantage point from which a story is told
Third-person omniscient – the narrator knows everything about the characters and their problems
Third-person limited – the narrator focuses on the thoughts and feelings of only one character
First-person – one of the characters, using the personal pronoun I tells the story

40. The main character in a work of literature
Protagonist
The main character in a work of literature
Kate in The Taming
of the Shrew

41. Rhyme is a pattern of words that contain similar sounds.
Example: go/show/glow/know/though

42. The number of syllables in a line of poetry
Rhythm
The beat
The number of syllables in a line of poetry

43. Petruchio – he’s greedy, stubborn, wise, in love, humorous
Round Characters
A character who
has many dimensions
Petruchio – he’s greedy, stubborn, wise, in love, humorous

44. The time and the place of a story
Setting
The time and the place of a story +

45. Short Stories
a story with a fully developed theme but significantly shorter and less elaborate than a novel

46. A comparison using “like” or “as”
Simile
A comparison using “like” or “as”
Tommy was as noisy as a bulldozer when he tore through the room.

47. Situational Irony
When what happens is totally opposite from what we think should happen
In “The Ransom of Red Chief” one would not expects a kidnapping victim to order his kidnappers around

48. Songs
a short poem or other set of words set to music or meant to be sung.

49. They don’t change much in the course of the story.
Static Characters
They don’t change much in the course of the story. =

50. Suspense
The uncertainty or anxiety that a reader feels about what will happen next in a story, novel, or drama

51. When some object stands or represents something else Our flag
Symbolism
When some object stands or represents something else
Our flag

52. Theme The general idea or insight about life that a work of
literature reveals.
The theme of “The Wise Old Woman” might be stated as: The elderly should be treated as valuable members of society.

53. Tone
The attitude a writer takes toward his or her subject, characters, and audience
Humorous, sincere

54. A contrast between what is said or written and what is really meant
Verbal Irony
A contrast between what is said or written and what is really meant
Calling a baseball player who just struck out “Slugger”

55. A stanza; a stave; as, a hymn of four verses.

56. Active Voice vs Passive Voice
Active voice is used for most non-scientific writing. Using active voice for the majority of your sentences makes your meaning clear for readers, and keeps the sentences from becoming too complicated or wordy. Even in scientific writing, too much use of passive voice can cloud the meaning of your sentences.

57. Active Voice
“One-third of the applicants to the school failed the entrance exam.”
This is an example of the active voice because the sentence subject performs the action.

58. Passive Voice
“The entrance exam was failed by over one-third of the applicants to the school.”
The action is performed upon the sentence subject, meaning this sentence is passive (the action is found in a prepositional phrase)

59. Active Voice She slammed on the brakes as her car sped down the hill.
This is an example of an active voice sentence because the sentence subject performs the action.

60. Passive Voice
The brakes were slammed on by her as her car sped down the hill.
This is an example of the passive voice.

61. PLOT Introduction (Exposition) Rising Action Climax Falling Action
Characters, Setting (time and place)
Rising Action
Conflict
Climax
Turning point
Falling Action
Resolution – ties up loose ends

62. Any writing that is not poetry
Prose
Any writing that is not poetry
Essays, short stories, novels, newspaper articles, letters
Prose is usually composed in paragraphs