1. The
Industrial
Revolution

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3. Industrial Revolution Industrial Revolution
Main Menu
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Chapter 11
Vocabulary
Life During
the
Industrial Revolution
New
Transportation
Methods
Causes of
Industrial
Revolution
The Lowell
Factories
Henry Clay’s
American System
Effects of
the
Industrial Revolution
Inventors
and Their
Inventions
The Erie
Canal

4. Chapter 11 Vocabulary Industrial Revolution 9. Era of Good Feelings
Spinning jenny Sectionalism
Capital American system
Capitalist Internal improvements
Factory system Interstate commerce
Interchangeable parts 14. Clermont
Lowell girl Erie Canal
Urbanization National Road

5. Industrial Revolution
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A long slow process that changed the way goods were made.

6. Spinning Jenny
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A machine invented by James Hargreaves in 1764 that could spin several threads at once.

7. Capital Another name for money.
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Another name for money.

8. Capitalist
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Is a person who invests in a business in order to make a profit.

9. Factory System
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Brought workers and machinery together in one place to produce goods.

10. Interchangeable Parts
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Identical, machine-made parts for a tool or instrument.

11. Lowell Girls
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Young women who worked in the Lowell Mills in Massachusetts during the Industrial Revolution.

12. Urbanization Process of a population shifting from farms to cities.
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Process of a population shifting from farms to cities.

13. National Road
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First federally funded national road project, begun in 1811.
National Road

14. Clermont
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A steamboat built in 1807 by Robert Fulton. First steamboat to be commercially successful in American waters.

15. Erie Canal
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Artificial waterway opened in 1825 linking Lake Erie to the Hudson River.

16. Era of Good Feeling
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The eight years of James Monroe’s presidency, from 1817 to 1825, when the Democratic Republicans dominated the nation’s politics.

17. Sectionalism
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Loyalty to a state or section rather than to the whole country.

18. American System Henry Clay
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Henry Clay
Program for economic growth promoted by Henry Clay in the early 1800s.
Called for high tariffs on imports and federal funds to improve transportation.

19. Internal Improvements
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Improvements to roads, bridges, and canals.

20. Interstate Commerce Trade between states.
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Trade between states.

21. Causes
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The Industrial Revolution started in Great Britain in the mid 1700s when British inventors developed new machines in clothing (textiles) factories.
James Hargreaves invented the spinning jenny in 1764, which allowed a machine to spin several threads at once.
Spinning Jenny

22. Causes
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Then a new system of producing goods was created called the factory system, which allowed workers and machines to be housed in one building to produce a good.
Before this method was used, production was done in the home.

23. Samuel Slater
Slater brought the secret of the Factory system over from Great Britain in 1789.
Great Britain passed a law forbidding anyone from taking plans of the factory system out of Great Britain, so Slater simply memorized the plans and left for the Americas to build a factory of his own.
In 1793, he built the first textile (clothing) factory in Pawtucket, Rhode Island.

24. The War of 1812
The War of 1812 also led to Industrialization in the United States because during the War with Great Britain trading stopped between the two countries.
The United States needed to replace the goods we used to buy from Great Britain before the war and to also produce items needed for War. Thus, factories were produced to solve this problem.

25. Industrial Revolution
Effects of the
Industrial Revolution
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Effects of
the
Industrial
Revolution
Urbanization
Of Cities
New Hazards
in Cities
New Attractions

26. Urbanization The movement of people from farms to cities.
In 1800 most Americans lived in rural, or country areas.
During the Industrial Revolution that changed.
New Farming equipment replaced manual labor and people started to move to cities for jobs where there was factories.

27. Hazards The growth of cities caused problems. Poor sanitation.
No sewers. Waste was thrown onto the streets
Crime
Disease from poor sanitation conditions
Poor housing conditions.

28. New Attractions New forms of entertainment began in cities
to attract people.
Museums
Theaters
stores

29. Life During the Industrial Revolution
Child Labor
Long Hours
Changes in
Home Life

30. Child Labor
Children as young as seven worked both in the factories and on farms.
They were paid less than women or men.
Children called doffers worked in factories changing equipment on machines when needed.
This was very dangerous and many children were serious hurt on the job.

31. Long Hours
Workers in factories worked as many as 12 hours a Day, six days a week.

32. Changes in
Home Life
The Industrial Revolution led to more family members going to work.
Women in poorer families often went to work at factories to help support the family.
The same with children.

33. The Lowell Factories Location
Description

34. Location Factory was located in Lowell, Massachusetts.
Town was named after it’s founder, Francis Cabot Lowell.

35. The Lowell Mills
The Lowell Mills were an entire town that had more than 10,000 workers.
Most were young girls called “Lowell Girls”.
They were hired for a few years and given room and board.

36. Inventors and Their Inventions
Eli Whitney
Inventors and
Famous
Inventions
Samuel Morse
Samuel Slater's Mill
(Click on Pictures)
Robert Fulton
James Hargreave's
"Spinning Jenny"
John Deere

37. James Hargreaves Invented the Spinning Jenny in 1764.
This machine could spin several threads of cloth at once.

38. Edmund Cartwright Built a loom powered by water in 1780.
This water loom could spin even more cloth than the spinning jenny.

39. Samuel Slater
Brought the factory system to America in 1789 and built the first factory in the United States in 1793.
Now workers and equipment could be placed under one roof to produce goods faster and cheaper than ever before.

40. Eli Whitney Eli Whitney came up with two inventions.
They were Interchangeable Parts and the Cotton Gin.

41. Interchangeable Parts
Interchangeable parts are identical, machine-made parts for a tool or instrument.
Eli Whitney used this concept to make muskets for the army. Before interchangeable parts, individual gunsmiths would make the parts for muskets. If the part broke it was very difficult to replace, because the parts were handmade.
Now the parts could be replaced quickly because all parts for guns could be made identically.
This concept was soon adapted by manufacturers for all sorts of other goods.

42. Cotton Gin
Invented in 1793, the cotton gin could clean the seeds from cotton faster than by hand.
This led to a boom in cotton production in the south, which became known as the Cotton Kingdom.

43. John Deere
Invented a light weight steel plow in 1825.

44. Samuel B. Morse Morse Code Invented the telegraph in 1844.
Soon news could be sent across the country using Morse code.
Morse Code

45. Robert Fulton Invented the first successful steamboat line in 1807.
His ship the Clermont sailed from New York City to Albany and back in 62 hours. A record at that time.
Goods could know be moved quicker and cheaper than ever before.

46. New Transportation Methods
In the Early 1800s, new transportation methods were being developed that could get goods and people to distant places faster and cheaper than ever before.
New
Transportation
Methods
Steamboat
Canals
Roads
Railroads

47. Steamboat Invented the first successful steamboat line in 1807.
His ship the Clermont sailed from New York City to Albany and back in 62 hours. A record at that time.
Goods could know be moved quicker and cheaper than ever before

48. Canals
Man made waterways were constructed all over the Northeast to get goods to west and east.
One canal that was built between the years was the Erie Canal.

49. Roads Improved roads were being built to link the east and west.
That way farmers good send there crops to the east to be sold and manufacturers could send their goods to the west, too.
The first national road was completed in 1818 and linked Cumberland, Maryland to Wheeling, western Virginia.

50. Railroads Railroads would eventually replace the canal.
By 1869 the first transcontinental railroad was completed connecting the Atlantic Coast to the Pacific Coast.

51. Henry Clay's American System
Henry Clay of Kentucky was responsible for this new push in transportation lines.
His Plan as called the American System and his idea was to improve the infrastructure of the United States so Northern States good send their manufactured goods to farmers in the West and South. In addition, the farmers in the West and South could send their crops north to be sold.
Thus, a trade network would be established that would benefit the entire nation.

52. The Erie Canal Built between the years 1817-1825.
Linked Buffalo to Albany, New York.
Provided a faster means of transportation for farmers in Western New York to get crops and livestock to Albany and then to New York City via steamboats on the Hudson River.

53. The Erie Canal
The cities of Rome, Utica and Syracuse soon emerged along the route of the canal.

54. The Erie Canal Built between the years 1817-1825.
Linked Buffalo to Albany, New York.
Provided a faster means of transportation for farmers in Western New York to get crops and livestock to Albany and then to New York City via steamboats on the Hudson River.

55. The Erie Canal
The cities of Rome, Utica and Syracuse soon emerged along the route of the canal.