1. Colonization and Settlement of America

2. Reasons for Exploration
Expanding populations—needed more space
Trade increased – merchants wanted access to Asia – spices, silk, porcelain
Three G’s—in this order
1. Gold *any riches (gold, silver, resources) Most important to most explorers
2. God *to convert natives
3. Glory *to make a name for themselves
First European explorers to reach the Americas were Vikings – Leif Eriksson – Canada – around 1000 A.D.

3. Christopher Columbus – Caribbean - 1492 A.D.
Spain is first European country to permanently colonize the New World
Amerigo Vespucci—first European to map North and South America (1501)
Giovanni da Verrazzano – first European to reach North Carolina (1524)
Natives were treated poorly – Plantation System – used for agricultural (sugar cane) and mining work (gold and silver)
Columbian Exchange – movement of stuff (animals, plants, diseases, religions, knowledge, technology, culture, resources etc.) between Old World and New World
Old World – Europe/Africa/Asia
New World – North and South America

4. Columbian Exchange Chart
1. Create your own chart
2. Five categories of stuff
3. List three historical examples for each category, then three modern examples
4. List where the example came from and where it went to.
5. For each category, explain how one historical example and one modern example impacted people.

6. Smallpox Victim
Native populations were devastated by disease

7. Leif Eriksson sights land
Christopher Columbus
Amerigo Vespucci

8. Locations
Spain had grown wealthy from the New World – Other countries wanted the same
English focused on the Atlantic Coastline of North America
Reasons for Colonizing
1. Interested in room for expanding population - unwanted
2. Agriculture
3. Protestant Reformation – Religious Freedom
4. Mercantilism
Late entering American colonization due to issues at home

9. How does geography impact how and where people live?

10. Roanoke Voyages
English made 3 voyages to the Outer Banks of North Carolina (1584, 1585, 1587); organized by Sir Walter Raleigh (NC capital named for him)
1st voyage—named land Virginia (Queen Elizabeth) – Amadas/Barlowe, Manteo/Wanchese
2nd voyage—found Chesapeake Bay, attempt to create military settlement, ended in violence with local natives – Ralph Lane - Jerkwad
3rd voyage—The Lost Colony—a colony of men, women, and children led by John White; do not know what happened to them

11. Jamestown
1st permanent English settlement – Virginia in 1607 – established for profit – Virginia Company
John Smith (military leader), John Rolfe (tobacco – made the colony successful), Pocahontas (married Rolfe, not Smith)
Colony almost did not survive – bad location
– Starving Time – only 60 of 215 survive – colony survived because new colonists came each year.
1619 (a big year): House of Burgess (1st representative assembly), English women arrive, Africans brought as Indentured Servants

12. Why was Jamestown successful while Roanoke was not?

13. John Rolfe marries Pocahontas
John Smith
Pocahontas

14. Colonies developed different identities according to climate and charter

15. The New England Colonies
Massachusetts
Rhode Island
Connecticut
New Hampshire

16. The Middle Colonies
New York
Delaware
New Jersey
Pennsylvania

17. The Southern Colonies Virginia Maryland North Carolina South Carolina
Georgia

18. English Colonies Split into three regions
New England (MA, NH,RI,CN) – settled by many people seeking religious freedom –- Economy was based on fishing, lumbering, and shipbuilding
Middle Colonies (NY, NJ,PA,DE) ––More of a mix coming for religious freedom and economic opportunities – more diverse backgrounds – farming and trade

19. 13 Colonies
Southern Colonies –(MD, VA, NC, SC, GA) mostly came for economic opportunities
Economy was based on agriculture – Tobacco, Cotton, Rice, Indigo
Georgia – place for debtors and poor to live

20. What caused each region to develop differently than the others?
What prediction can you
make for the future
development of each region?
(Use Concepts)

21. Immigrant Groups of the 13 colonies
Middle Colonies
Catholics
Quakers –William Penn
More tolerant and diverse
New England
Pilgrims - Settled in Massachusetts in 1620 – Plymouth
Puritans - Settled in Massachusetts in 1630 – Boston
Wanted religious freedom

22. Carolina
Settled by members of the other colonies. Original settlers English. Granted a private company in 1663 and divided into two colonies in 1711.
Great place to grow indigo, rice, and tobacco.
Name came from the Latin word carolus, meaning “Charles.”
Officially became a state on November 21, 1789.

23. Lords Proprietors – 8 noble supporters of Charles II, awarded Carolina in return for their support – 1663
1706 – Bath – first NC town
1710 – New Bern founded – became 1st capital of NC
Three regions
1. Coastal Plain in east – first region settled by Europeans
2. Piedmont in central
3. Mountains in west

24. New Immigration NC becomes royal colony in 1728. New settlers
1. Scots-Irish – settled in east
2. Highland Scots – settled in east
3. Germans and Moravians –settled in Piedmont – backcountry
Great Wagon Road – main route to travel through backcountry
Moravians – name their land Wachovia
1766 – establish the towns of Bethabara and Salem
4. Africans – brought as slaves – fewer than many other southern colonies

25. Great Wagon Road

26. Were the reasons why people immigrated to the 13 colonies similar to the reasons why people immigrate to America today?

27. Economy/Social Structure
Economy – North Carolina was mostly agricultural.
Cash Crops – Tobacco, Rice, and Indigo
Naval Stores – tar, pitch, turpentine
Trade was difficult due to NC’s lack of roads and difficult waterways. Mercantilism – the colonies existed for the economic benefit of England
Social Classes
1. Gentry – rich planters, doctors, lawyers
2. Artisans – craftsmen – blacksmith, cobblers
3. Small Farmers – Yeomen – biggest group

28. 4. Indentured Servants – poor people who bought their passage to America with their service.
5. Slaves/Indians
Triangle Trade – three-part voyage
A. Europe to Africa – manufactured trade goods
B. Africa to America (Middle Passage)- slaves
C. America to Europe – raw materials (lumber, cotton, tobacco)
Growing conflict between Eastern and Western NC over taxes and political power.

29. Triangle Trade

31. Early Government in the Colonies
Magna Carta – Even the King had to obey the law
English Bill of Rights – limited King’s power; gave representative government (Parliament) more power
Representative Government – the people elect representatives to speak for them in government
Mayflower Compact – first attempt at self-government in the English colonies
Town meetings – first form of American government in which all free men could participate

32. House of Burgess – first representative government in America
Proprietary colony – privately-owned colony
Royal colony – government-run colony

33. Which common theme did each of these government examples have that led to the colonists’ desire for independence?