1. Colonizing the Chesapeake and New England Colonies
For notes in US History – anything written between parenthesis does not need to be written down

2. English Colonization Most famous “pirate” was Sir Francis Drake.
1607-Jamestown established in Virginia.
1621-colony of Massachusetts established!
English colonization had begun!

3. Joint Stock Companies formed
(English decided to make the “process” of colonization less dangerous for them.)
Two companies are formed to colonize the Americas.
Plymouth Company.
London Co. Of Virginia.
Territory was named Virginia.
Takes three years to raise money, supplies for trip.

4. Joint Stock Companies Designed to make investors money!
Controlled by a Board of Directors.
Shareholders make money when products are brought back from Colony and sold for a profit.
Main Goal is to Make Money!

5. London Company of Virginia
Organized by Business investors.
June of 1606, King James grants them a Charter to form colony of Jamestown
(December of money secured in England for 3 ships and 144 men.)
Hired No Farmers
All City Folk

6. April 1607 Rough Atlantic Crossing - left during Hurricane season 
(Many have never been on board of a ship before!)
39 men die during the Voyage
Reach the Chesapeake in July of Weather is warm and Muggy (gross)
(Orders opened upon arrival dictate) John Smith as one of the leaders.

7. July / August 1607
Settlers build a trading post in the Middle of a River Delta / swamp.
People start to die off immediately
No Sanitation
(Pit dug near the river to be used as a toilet/waste disposal…below the water line)
Colonists contract “Bloody Flux” – aka dysentery

8. January of 1608 – (you think you have it bad)
Things are at their worst
A Supply ship arrives with 120 new men
They found (a large Graveyard with) only 38 survivors
(5 Days after arrival, supplies and shelter burn to the ground)

9. Spring of 1608 158 people are able to survive through the Winter
Aided by the local Indian tribes. (Chief Opeshcancanough believes that is what he should do)
English start digging up the surrounding countryside looking for Gold

10. Smith’s Mission Survival is his #1 priority
Motto: “you don’t work…you don’t eat!”
Daily life becomes like a boot camp
Saved the citizens of Jamestown

11. Captain John Smith By Spring of 1608 Smith is over it
He uses military background to seize control of settlement in January of 1608.
Moved settlement of Jamestown up River to higher ground

12. (Pocahontas She was the daughter of the chief of the Powhatan.
She married John Rolfe, a tobacco farmer and went to England.
She died there and is buried in a London graveyard.
She never married John Smith!)

13. Three types of colonies in New World
Plantation Colonies: A society based on the cultivation of a cash crop. (tobacco, rice, indigo)
Trading Colonies: A society based on trade with the native peoples of a region. (beaver fur, pelts, fish)
Settlement Colonies: A society based on subsistence farming. (lumber, shipbuilding, trade with Europe)

14. Jamestown after Smith
Smith had moved the settlement upstream & it was moved again after he left.
Eventually became a trading port for English tobacco farmers.
English never found any Gold of significance.

15. New England Colonies
Middle Colonies
Chesapeake Colonies
Southern Colonies
Prison Colony

16. Economic Theory of most European Nations between 1500 and 1700.
Mercantilism
Economic Theory of most European Nations between 1500 and 1700.
Definition - maximizing net exports is the best route to national prosperity.
Is the idea that the only true measure of a country’s wealth and success was the amount of gold that it had.

17. PILGRIMS Difficult winter (44 out of 102 survived)….
(First year went through a “starving time”)
Developed friendly relations with Indian tribes
Squanto befriended settlement
Plymouth settlement survived under the leadership of Gov. William Bradford
(First Thanksgiving)

19. (Congregationalists & Separatists
Contrast with Virginia: Different environment & key role of religion for Puritans
(Congregationalists & Separatists
Pilgrims (the latter) found Plymouth (1620)
Fled Religious and Political Persecution)

20. MAYFLOWER COMPACT
41 Male passengers on the Mayflower signed a compact promising to write and obey "just and equal laws” ... for the general good of the colony."
The compact brought an element of democracy to America
became example of the practice of self-government in the colonies.

21. PURITANS John Winthrop, founder of the Massachusetts Bay Colony
(Middle class settlers, educated and organized)
Successful as fur traders, fishermen and shipbuilders
(Ruled as “Bible Commonwealth” or theocracy)
(New England Way = Puritan covenant with God)
To establish holy society----”city upon a hill”

22. PURITANS
Pilgrims merge with the Puritans to form Massachusetts Bay Colony
Communities well organized
Established towns
Protestant Work Ethic
Family values

23. New England
Massachusetts
New Hampshire
Rhode Island
Connecticut

24. Building the Bay Colony
Clergy were barred from formal political office – early “church/state separation”
Puritan ideas: “calling” to God’s work, Protestant work ethic, limited worldly pleasures, fear of hell

25. Middle Colonies
New York
Pennsylvania
New Jersey
Delaware

26. New Netherland (New York)
1609: Henry Hudson (sailing for Dutch East India Company) sails into Hudson River (looking for passage through continent )~ claims area for Dutch
Goal: quick-profit fur trade
“Bought” Manhattan from Indians
Company town: no religious tolerance or free speech, harsh governors

27. New York Harbor, 1639

28. New Amsterdam

29. Dutch Conflicts
Dutch cruelties to Indians brought retaliatory massacres – Dutch built wall (Wall Street)

31. Penn's Holy Experiment
Mid-1600s: religious dissenters named Quakers arose in England
Hated by authorities because they refused to pay taxes to Church of England, refused to take oaths, refused military service

32. Penn's Holy Experiment Penn governs the colony
Government guaranteed elected assembly,
Charter of Liberties - freedom of worship, open immigration
fair treatment of Native Americans

33. 1676: War ended, Metacom executed, lasting defeat for Indians
KING PHILIP'S WAR
Metacom (the son of a chief and a.k.a. King Phillip) formed Indian alliance – attacked settlers throughout New England, (especially frontier)
English towns were attacked and burned -unknown numbers of Indians died
1676: War ended, Metacom executed, lasting defeat for Indians