1. Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration
Shivani Patel

2. The Photosynthesis Equation

3. Cellular Respiration Equation

4. Notice Anything?
The photosynthesis equation is the cellular respiration equation, but backwards.
Photosynthesis makes the sugar.
Through cellular respiration, we turn in into energy.
All living things contain a form of glucose also known as sweet sugar.
“Glu” means sweet
“Cose” means sugar

5. Light Light is important. Very important.
Light is a form of electromagnetic energy.
Green light is reflected.
Red and blue are mainly absorbed.
Primary colors are green, red, and blue.
NOT yellow, magenta (red), and cyan (blue).

6. Chloroplast and Chlorophyll
Chloroplast has an important role.
It has chlorophyll that capture’s the sun’s rays.
Inside chloroplasts are thylakoids that are disc-like.
They trap the sun’s rays.
Chlorophyll is a chemical found inside the chloroplast giving its green pigment.

7. Process of Photosynthesis
It doesn’t happen overnight.
There are 2 main steps.
First- light dependent reaction (Calvin cycle)
It turns light into ATP
Second- light independent reaction– it doesn’t necessarily mean that it happens at night.
It happens when ATP is turned into glucose.

8. Cellular Respiration How living organisms turn glucose into energy
There are byproducts like water and carbon dioxide.
Carbon dioxide is a waste.
CO2 mixes with water helping maintaining the blood’s pH (around 7.5).
Too much carbon dioxide causes to pH to lower, so CO2 has to leave on a continuous process.

9. Footnotes
Glucose: A simple, 6 carbon sugar that serves as the primary energy source
ATP (Adenosine triphosphate): The major energy currency of the cell.
NADH and FADH2: High energy electron carrier used to transport electrons generated in Glycolysis and Krebs Cycle to the Electron Transport Chain.

10. Stages of Cellular Respiration
Glycolysis
Fermentation (ONLY FOR ANAEROBIC CELLULAR RESPIRATION)
Krebs's Cycle A.K.A. Citric Acid Cycle
Electron Transport Chain

11. Glycolysis
The first stage is glycolysis in aerobic and anaerobic cellular respiration.
An easy way to think about it is splitting sugars.
It occurs in the cytoplasm.
It breaks glucose down to two pyruvic acid or pyruvate. This stage doesn’t require oxygen.
This stage requires 2 ATP and produces 4 ATP.

12. Fermentation Aerobic? Anaerobic?
Fermentation takes NADH to produce NAD+.
This stage makes nothing, no energy or ATP.

13. Krebs's Cycle A.K.A. Citric Acid Cycle
This step uses the pyruvic made in the glycolysis stage.
It produces ATP and several molecules of NADH AND FADH2.
This stage produces 2 ATP.

14. Electron Transport Chain
The chain is made using FADH2 AND NADH (made in the previous cycles).
The electron transport chain makes a proton gradient that makes the production of 34 ATP.
It takes place in the mitochondria matrix.

15. Review
By the way, Cellular Respiration produces a total of 38 ATP.